JAY, JOHN, American statesman, born in New York, and called to the bar in 1768; took a part in the struggle for independence second only to Washington’s; represented his country subsequently in Madrid and London; was first Chief-Justice of the United States, and from 1795 to 1801 governor of New York (1745-1829).

JAY, WILLIAM, eminent Congregationalist minister, born in Wiltshire; was first a stone-mason, but entered the ministry, and after a short term of service near Chippenham was pastor of Argyle Chapel, Bath, for 62 years.  He was an impressive preacher and a popular writer (1769-1853).

JAYADEVA, a Hindu poet, born near Burdwan, in Bengal, flourished in the 12th century, whose great work, the “Gita Govinda,” the “Song of the Shepherd Krishna,” has been translated by Sir Edwin Arnold as the “Indian Song of Songs,” in celebration of the love of Krishna and his wife Radha; it has often been compared with the “Song of Songs,” in the Hebrew Scriptures.

JEAN D’EPEE (Jean, i. e. the Frenchman with the sword), a name given to Napoleon by his partisans who conspired for his restoration in 1814.

JEAN JACQUES, Rousseau, from his Christian name.

JEAN PAUL, RICHTER (q. v.), from his Christian name.

JEANNE D’ALBRET.  See D’ALBRET, JEANNE.

JEANNE D’ARC.  See JOAN OF ARC.

JEBB, PROFESSOR, eminent Greek scholar, born in Dundee; elected in 1889 Regius Professor of Greek in Cambridge; has represented Cambridge in Parliament since 1891; edited “Sophocles,” “The Attic Orators,” “Introduction to Homer,” &c.; B. 1841.

JEDBURGH (3), county town of Roxburghshire, picturesquely situated on the Jed, 30 m.  SW. of Berwick, and 10 m.  SW. of Kelso; is an ancient town of many historic memories; made a royal burgh by David I.; contains the ruins of an abbey, and has some woollen manufactures.

JEDDAH (46), a town on the Red Sea, 65 m.  W. of Mecca, of which it is the port, where the pilgrims disembark for the holy city; is a place of trade, less considerable than it once was.

JEEJEEBHOY, SIR JAMSETJEE, Indian philanthropist, a Parsee by birth and creed, born in Bombay; realised a fortune as a merchant, and employed it in releasing debtors from jail by paying their debts, and in founding a hospital and schools; in 1857 was made a baronet (1783-1859).

JEFFERIES, JOHN RICHARD, writer on rural subjects, born near Swindon, Wilts, son of a gamekeeper; was first a journalist and novelist, but attained success in “The Gamekeeper at Home,” 1878; other books display a very accurate faculty of observation and description, a reverence for nature, for rural scenes and people; “The Story of my Heart,” 1883, is an introspective and somewhat morbid autobiography; he died after six years’ illness at Goring, Sussex; Prof.  Saintsbury pronounces him “the greatest minute describer of English country life since White of Selborne” (1848-1887).