IGNATIUS LOYOLA.  See LOYOLA.

IGNORANTINES, a Jesuit association in the Roman Catholic Church founded in 1724, who give instruction to poor children gratis, with the object of winning them over to the Catholic faith.

IHRE, JOHAN, a learned Swedish philologist, born at Lund, of Scotch descent; was 40 years professor of Rhetoric and Political Economy at Upsala, and was the founder of Swedish philology (1707-1780).

ILE DE FRANCE, the province of France of which Paris is the capital; was also formerly the name of Mauritius.

ILE DU DIABLE, an island off the coast of French Guiana, where Captain Dreyfus was confined.

ILFRACOMBE, a popular watering-place on the coast of N. Devon, in the Bristol Channel; once a considerable place.

ILIAD, the great epic poem of Homer, consisting of 24 books, the subject of which is the “wrath of ACHILLES” (q. v.), and the events which followed during the last year of the ten years’ Trojan War, so called from ILION, one of the names of Troy.  See ILIUM.

ILITHYIA, the Greek goddess who presided over the travail of woman at childbirth, promoting or retarding the birth as the Fates might ordain.

ILIUM, TROY (q. v.), so called from Ilus, the son of Tros, who founded the city.

ILLINOIS (3,826), an American State as large as England and Wales; has the Mississippi for its western, the Ohio for its southern boundary, with Wisconsin and Lake Michigan in the N. and Indiana on the E.; fourth in population, seventeenth in area; “the Prairie State” is level, well watered, and extremely fertile; has a climate subject to extremes, but, except in the swamps, healthy.  It produces enormous quantities of wheat, besides other cereals, of tobacco and temperate fruits.  Flour-milling, pork-packing, and distilling are the chief industries.  The most extensive coal-deposits in America are in this State; with navigable rivers on its borders, and traversing it Lake Michigan, a great canal, and the largest railway system in the Union, it is admirably situated for commercial development; originally acquired by Britain from the French, who entered it from Canada; it was ceded to the Americans in 1783, and admitted to the Union 1818; the State spends $12,000,000 annually on education, which is compulsory, and has a large and wealthy scientific and agricultural university at Urbana.  Springfield (25) is the capital; but Chicago (1,100) is the largest city.

ILLUMINATED DOCTOR, a title bestowed on RAYMOND LULLY (q. v.).

ILLUMINATI, a class or fraternity of people who affect superior enlightenment, particularly on religious and social matters, tending of late in the one to Deism, and in the other to Republicanism, in France forming a body of materialists, and in Germany a body of idealists; the former to the disparagement of ideas, and the latter to the disparagement of reason, and both hostile to the Church.

ILLUMINATION, THE, the name given to the “advanced” thinking class who pride themselves in their emancipation from all authority in spiritual matters, the assumption of which they regard as an outrage not only against the right of private judgment, but the very constitution of man, which, they argue, is violated when respect is not before all paid to individual conviction.  See AUFKLAeRUNG.