HAYNAU, JULIUS JAKOB, BARON VON, a notorious Austrian general, born at Cassel, Germany; entered the army in 1801, and while holding a command during the Italian campaigns of 1848-49, crushed the revolt at Brescia with such brutal ferocity as to gain him the name of the “Hyaena of Brescia”; he was for a time dictator of Hungary, but his murderous cruelty towards the subjugate people became a European scandal and led to his removal; in London he was mobbed and narrowly escaped with his life (1786-1853).

HAYTI (Hispaniola or Santo Domingo), next to Cuba the largest of the W. Indian Islands, in the group of the Greater Antilles, lies midway between Cuba on the W. and Porto Rico on the E.; its area, somewhat larger than Scotland, is apportioned between the negro Republic of Hayti in the E. and the mulatto Dominican Republic in the W.; the island is mountainous, and forests of valuable timber abound; a warm, moist climate favours rice, cotton, &c., and minerals are plentiful; but during this century, under native government, the island has been retrogressive; agriculture and mining are practically at a standstill, while the natives seem incapable of self-government; the language spoken is a corrupt French; Port-au-Prince and San Domingo are the chief towns; discovered in 1492 by Columbus, the island was soon denuded of its aboriginals, then peopled by imported negroes, joined latterly by French buccaneers; in 1697 the island was ceded to France, but in 1791, under TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE (q. v.), the blacks, after a bloody revolution, swept the island clear of Europeans; population of island somewhat over a million.

HAYWARD, ABRAHAM, English essayist; bred to law, but took to literature; executed a prose translation of “Faust,” Pt.  I. (1802-1884).

HAZLITT, WILLIAM, critic and essayist, born in Maidstone, of Irish descent; began life as an artist, but abandoned art for letters, and contributed to the reviews; wrote on the English poets and dramatists, the “Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays,” “The Spirit of the Age,” a “Life of Napoleon,” &c.; criticism was his forte, and he ranks among the foremost devoted to that art; his life was not well regulated, his health gave way, and he died in poverty (1778-1830).

HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART., writer on art, born near Maidstone, Kent, succeeded to the baronetcy in 1838; became lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick in 1847, and governor-general of Canada in 1854; wrote “Handbook of Spanish Painting,” also “French Art,” and some poems (1805-1868).

HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, soldier and author; governor of Upper Canada; suppressed an insurrection; wrote a “Life of Bruce the African Traveller,” “Bubbles from the Brunnen of Nassau,” “A Faggot of French Sticks,” &c. (1793-1875).

HEAD-HUNTERS, name given to the Dyaks of Borneo, from their habit of preserving in the way of trophy the heads of those whom they slay in battle, as the Red Indians did the scalps.