HARTE, BRET, American humourist, born at Albany, New York; went to California at 15; tried various occupations, mining, school-mastering, printing, and literary sketching, when he got on the staff of a newspaper, and became eventually first editor of the Overland Monthly, in the columns of which he established his reputation as a humourist by the publication of the “Heathen Chinee” and other humorous productions, such as “The Luck of Roaring Camp”; he wields a prolific pen, and all he writes is of his own original coinage; b. 1839.

HARTFORD (80), the capital of Connecticut, U.S., on the Connecticut, 50 m. from its mouth and 112 m.  NE. of New York; is handsomely laid out, and contains an imposing white marble capitol, Episcopalian and Congregational colleges, hospitals, libraries, &c.; is an important depot for the manufacture of firearms, iron-ware, tobacco, &c., and is an important banking and insurance centre.

HARTLEPOOL (65), a seaport of Durham, situated on a tongue of land which forms the Bay of Hartlepool, 4 m.  N. of the Tees estuary; the chief industries are shipbuilding, cement works, and a shipping trade, chiefly in coal and iron.  WEST HARTLEPOOL (43), lies on the opposite and south side of the bay, 1 m. distant, but practically forming one town with Hartlepool, and carries on a similar trade, but on a somewhat larger scale; the extensive docks, stretching between the two towns, cover an area of 300 acres.

HARTLEY, DAVID, an English philosopher and physician; wrote “Observations on Man, his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations”; ascribed sensation to vibration in the nerves, and applied the doctrine of the association of ideas to mental phenomena (1705-1757).

HARTMANN, a German philosopher, born at Berlin; established his fame by a work entitled the “Philosophy of the Unconscious,” which rapidly passed through nine editions; he has since written on pessimism, the moral and the religious consciousness, the philosophy of the beautiful, and spiritualism; he is the founder of a new school of philosophy, which professes to be a synthesis of that of Hegel and that of Schopenhauer, and to aim at the reconciliation of philosophic results with scientific; b. 1842.

HARTMANN, MORITZ, a German poet; had a keen sympathy with the liberal political ideas that prevailed in 1848, and which his poems contributed to foster, and on account of which he got into trouble (1821-1872).

HARTZENBUSCH, JUAN EUGENIO, Spanish dramatist, born at Madrid, of German extraction; was educated under the Jesuits, but abandoned his intention of joining the Church, took to literature, and was given a post in the National Library at Madrid; his dramas are fresh and vigorous, and enjoy a wide popularity; he rose to be Director of the National Library, and in 1852 was President of the Theatrical Council (1806-1880).

HARUS`PICES, among the Romans, soothsayers who affected to foretell future events by the inspection of the entrails of animals offered in sacrifice, as well as by study of abnormal phenomena.