GEDDES, JENNY, an Edinburgh worthy who on 23rd July 1637 immortalised herself by throwing her stool at the head of Laud’s bishop as he proceeded from the desk of St. Giles’s in the city to read the Collect for the day, exclaiming as she did so, “Deil colic the wame o’ thee, fause loon, would you say Mass at my lug,” which was followed by great uproar, and a shout, “A Pape, a Pape; stane him”; “a daring feat, and a great,” thinks Carlyle, “the first act of an audacity which ended with the beheading of the king.”

GEEFS, GUILLAUME, Belgian sculptor, born at Antwerp; executed a colossal work at Brussels, “Victims of the Revolution,” and numerous statues and busts as well as imaginative productions; had two brothers distinguished also as sculptors (1806-1860).

GEELONG (24), a prettily laid out city of Victoria, on Corio Bay, 45 m.  SW. of Melbourne.  The gold discoveries of 1851 gave a stimulus to the town, which is now a busy centre of the wool trade, and has tanneries and paper works, &c.  The harbourage is excellent, and in summer the town is a favourite resort as a watering-place.

GEFLE (25), a seaport, and the third commercial town in Sweden; capital of the laen of Gefleborg; is situated on an inlet of the Gulf of Bothnia, midway between Fahlun and Upsala; has an interesting old castle, a school of navigation, and, since a destructive fire in 1869, has been largely rebuilt.

GEHENNA, the valley of Hinnom, on the S. of Jerusalem, with TOPHET (q. v.) at its eastern end; became the symbol of hell from the fires kept burning in it night and day to consume the poisonous gases of the offal accumulated in it.

GEHENNA BAILIFFS, ministers of hell’s justice, whose function is to see to and enforce the rights of hell.

GEIBEL, EMANUEL VON, a celebrated German poet, born at Luebeck; was professor of AEsthetics at Muenich; the tender, sentimental passion that breathed in his poetry procured for him a wide-spread popularity, especially among women (1815-1884).

GEIGER, ABRAHAM, an eminent Hebrew scholar and Rabbi, born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, and editor of the Zeitschrift fuer juedische Theologie; strove hard to break down the barrier of Jewish exclusiveness (1810-1874).

GEIJER, ERIK GUSTAV, great Swedish historian, born in Vermland; held a post in the Record Office, Stockholm; was a poet as well as a historian, his principal work being “History of the Swedish People” (1783-1847).

GEIKIE, SIR ARCHIBALD, geologist, born at Edinburgh; at the age of 20 he joined the Geological Survey of Scotland, and in 1867 became director; in 1870 he became Murchison professor of Geology at Edinburgh, and in 1881 was appointed chief director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain; in 1801 he was knighted, and from 1892 to 1893 was President of the British Association; he is the author of various works on geology, written with great lucidity, as well as essays much appreciated; b. 1835.