ANTI`OPE, queen of the Amazons and mother of Hippolytus. The Sleep of Antiope, chef-d’oeuvre of Correggio in the Louvre.

ANTIP`AROS (2), one of the Cyclades, W. of Paros, with a stalactite cavern.

ANTIP`ATER, a Macedonian general, governed Macedonia with great ability during the absence of Alexander, defeated the confederate Greek states at Cranon, reigned supreme on the death of Perdiccas (397-317 B.C.).

ANTIPH`ILUS, a Greek painter, contemporary and rival of Apelles.

AN`TIPHON, an Athenian orator and politician, preceptor of Thucydides, who speaks of him in terms of honour, was the first to formulate rules of oratory (479-411 B.C.).

ANTIPOPE, a pope elected by a civil power in opposition to one elected by the cardinals, or one self-elected and usurped; there were some 26 of such, first and last.

ANTIPYRETICS, medicines to reduce the temperature in fever, of which the chief are quinine and salicylate of soda.

ANTIPYRIN, a febrifuge prepared from coal-tar, and used as a substitute for quinine.

ANTISA`NA, a volcano of the N. Andes, in Ecuador, 19,200 ft. high; also a village on its flanks, 13,000 ft. high, the highest village in the world.

ANTISE`MITES, a party in Russia and the E. of Germany opposed to the Jews on account of the undue influence they exercise in national affairs to the alleged detriment of the natives.

ANTISEPTICS, substances used, particularly in surgery, to prevent or arrest putrefaction.

ANTIS`THENES, a Greek philosopher, a disciple of Socrates, the master of Diogenes, and founder of the Cynic school; affected to disdain the pride and pomp of the world, and was the first to carry staff and wallet as the badge of philosophy, but so ostentatiously as to draw from Socrates the rebuke, “I see your pride looking out through the rent of your cloak, O Antisthenes.”

ANTI-TAURUS, a mountain range running NE. from the Taurus Mts.

ANTIUM, a town of Latium on a promontory jutting into the sea, long antagonistic to Rome, subdued in 333 B.C.; the beaks of its ships, captured in a naval engagement, were taken to form a rostrum in the Forum at Home; it was the birthplace of Caligula and Nero.

ANTIVA`RI, a fortified seaport lately ceded to Montenegro.

ANTOFAGAS`TA (7), a rising port in Chile, taken from Bolivia after the war of 1879; exports silver ores and nitrate of soda.

ANTOMMAR`CHI, Napoleon’s attached physician at St. Helena, wrote “The Last Moments of Napoleon” (1780-1838).

ANTONELLI, CARDINAL, the chief adviser and Prime Minister of Pope Pius IX., accompanied the Pope to Gaeta, came back with him to Rome, acting as his foreign minister there, and offered a determined opposition to the Revolution; left immense wealth (1806-1876).

ANTONEL`LO, of Messina, Italian painter of the 15th century, introduced from Holland oil-painting into Italy (1414-1493).