ANTIGONE, THE MODERN, the Duchess of Angouleme, daughter of Louis XV.  See THE PARTING SCENE IN CARLYLE’S “FRENCH REVOLUTION.”

ANTIG`ONUS, surnamed the Cyclops or One-eyed, one of the generals of Alexander the Great, made himself master of all Asia Minor, excited the jealousy of his rivals; was defeated and slain at Ipsus, in Phrygia, 301 B.C.

ANTIGONUS, the last king of the Jews of the Asmonean dynasty; put to death in 77 B.C.

ANTIGONUS GONATAS, king of Macedonia, grandson of the preceding; twice deprived of his kingdom, but recovered it; attempted to prevent the formation of the Achaean League (275-240 B.C.).

ANTIGUA, one of the Leeward Islands, the seat of the government; the most productive of them belongs to Britain.

ANTILLES, an archipelago curving round from N. America to S. America, and embracing the Caribbean Sea; the GREATER A., on the N. of the sea, being Cuba, Hayti, Jamaica, and Porto Rico; and the LESSER A., on the E., forming the Leeward Islands, the Windward Islands, and the Venezuelan Islands—­the Leeward as far as Dominica, the Windward as far as Trinidad, and the Venezuelan along the coast of S. America.

ANTIMONY, a brittle white metal, of value both in the arts and medicine.

ANTINOMIANISM, the doctrine that the law is superseded in some sense or other by the all-sufficing, all-emancipating free spirit of Christ.

ANTINOMY, in the transcendental philosophy the contradiction which arises when we carry the categories of the understanding above experience and apply them to the sphere of that which transcends it.

ANTIN`OUS, a Bithynian youth of extraordinary beauty, a slave of the Emperor Hadrian; became a great favourite of his and accompanied him on all his journeys.  He was drowned in the Nile, and the grief of the emperor knew no bounds; he enrolled him among the gods, erected a temple and founded a city in his honour, while artists vied with each other in immortalising his beauty.

AN`TIOCH (23), an ancient capital of Syria, on the Orontes, called the Queen of the East, lying on the high-road between the E. and the W., and accordingly a busy centre of trade; once a city of great splendour and extent, and famous in the early history of the Church as the seat of several ecclesiastical councils and the birthplace of Chrysostom.  There was an Antioch in Pisidia, afterwards called Caesarea.

ANTI`OCHUS, name of three Syrian kings of the dynasty of the Seleucidae:  A. I., SOTER, i. e.  Saviour, son of one of Alexander’s generals, fell heir of all Syria; king from 281 to 261 B.C.  A. II., THEOS, i. e.  God, being such to the Milesians in slaying the tyrant Timarchus; king from 261 to 246.  A. III., the Great, extended and consolidated the empire, gave harbour to Hannibal, declared war against Rome, was defeated at Thermopylae and by Scipio at Magnesia, killed in attempting to pillage the temple at Elymais; king from 223 to 187.  A. IV., EPIPHANES, i. e.  Illustrious, failed against Egypt, tyrannised over the Jews, provoked the Maccabaean revolt, and died delirious; king from 175 to 104.  A. V., EUPATOR, king from 164 to 162.