ALLAN, DAVID, a Scottish portrait and historical painter, born at Alloa; illustrated Ramsay’s “Gentle Shepherd”; his greatest work is the “Origin of Painting,” now in the National Gallery at Edinburgh (1744-1796).

ALLAN, SIR WILLIAM, a distinguished Scottish historical painter, born at Edinburgh, many of his paintings being on national subjects; he was a friend of Scott, who patronised his work, and in succession to Wilkie, president of the Royal Scottish Academy; painted “Circassian Captives” and “Slave-Market at Constantinople” (1782-1850).

ALLANTOIS, a membrane enveloping the foetus in mammals, birds, and reptiles.

ALLARD`, a French general, entered the service of Runjeet Singh at Lahore, trained his troops in European war tactics, and served him against the Afghans; died at Peshawar (1785-1839).

ALLEGHA`NY (105), a manufacturing city in Pennsylvania, on the Ohio, opposite Pittsburg, of which it is a kind of suburb.

ALLEGHA`NY MOUNTAINS, a range in the Appalachian system in U.S., extending from Pennsylvania to N. Carolina; do not exceed 2400 ft. in height, run parallel with the Atlantic coast, and form the watershed between the Atlantic rivers and the Mississippi.

ALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION, assigning a higher than a literal interpretation to the Scripture record of things, in particular the Old Testament story.

ALLEGORY, a figurative mode of representation, in which a subject of a higher spiritual order is described in terms of that of a lower which resembles it in properties and circumstances, the principal subject being so kept out of view that we are left to construe the drift of it from the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.

ALLEGRI, the family name of Correggio; the name of an Italian composer, born at Rome, the author of a still celebrated Miserere (1580-1652).

AL`LEINE, JOSEPH, a Puritan writer, author of a book once, and to some extent still, much in favour among religious people, entitled “Alarm to the Unconverted” (1632-1674).

ALLEN, BOG OF, a dreary expanse of bogs of peat E. of the Shannon, in King’s Co. and Kildare, Ireland; LOUGH OF, an expansion of the waters of the Shannon.

ALLEN, ETHAN, one of the early champions of American independence, taken prisoner in a raid into Canada; wrote a defence of deism and rational belief (1738-1789).

ALLEN, GRANT, man of letters, born in Kingston, Canada, 1848, and a prolific writer; an able upholder of the evolution doctrine and an expounder of Darwinism.

ALLEN, JOHN, an M.D. of Scotch birth, and a contributor to the Edinburgh Review (1771-1843).

ALLEN, WM., a distinguished chemist and philanthropist, son of a Spitalfields weaver, a member of the Society of Friends, and a devoted promoter of its principles (1770-1843).

ALLENTOWN (34), a town on the Lehigh River, 50 m.  NW. of
Philadelphia, the great centre of the iron trade in the U.S.