ALI BABA.  See BABA, ALI.

A`LI PASHA, pasha of Janina, a bold and crafty Albanian, able man, and notorious for his cruelty as well as craft; alternately gained the favour of the Porte and lost it by the alliances he formed with hostile powers, until the Sultan sentenced him to deposition, and sent Hassan Pasha to demand his head; he offered violent resistance but being overpowered at length surrendered, when his head was severed from his body and sent to Constantinople (1741-1822).

ALICAN`TE (40), the third seaport-town in Spain, with a spacious harbour and strongly fortified, in a province of the same name on the Mediterranean.

ALIGARH` (61), a town with a fort between Agra and Delhi, the garrison of which mutinied in 1857.

ALIGHIE`RI, the family name of Dante.

AL`IMA, an affluent on the right bank of the Congo, in French territory.

ALIMENTARY CANAL, a passage 5 or 6 times the length of the body, lined throughout with mucous membrane, extends from the mouth to the anus, and includes mouth, fauces, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines.

ALISON, ARCHIBALD, an Episcopal clergyman in Edinburgh, of which he was a native, best known for his “Essay on the Nature and Principles of Taste” (1757-1839).

ALISON, SIR ARCHIBALD, son of the preceding, a lawyer who held several prominent legal appointments, and a historian, his great work being a “Modern History of Europe from the French Revolution to the Fall of Napoleon,” afterwards extended to the “Accession of Louis Napoleon” (1792-1867).

ALISON, W. PULTENEY, brother of the preceding, professor of medicine in Edinburgh University, and a philanthropist (1790-1859).

ALIWAL`, a village in the Punjab, on the Sutlej, where Sir Harry Smith gained a brilliant victory over the Sikhs, who were provided with forces in superior numbers, in 1846.

AL`KAHEST, the presumed universal solvent of the alchemists.

ALKALIES, bodies which, combining with acids form salts, are soluble in water, and properly four in number, viz., potash, soda, lithia, and ammonia.

ALKALINE EARTHS, earths not soluble in water, viz., lime, magnesia, strontia, and baryta.

ALKALOIDS, bodies of vegetable origin, similar in their properties, as well as toxicologically, to alkalies; contain as a rule carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; many of them are poisonous and invaluable in medicine.

ALKMAAR` (14), the capital of N. Holland, 25 m.  NW. of Amsterdam, with a large trade in cattle, grain, and cheese.

ALKMER, HENRIK VAN, the reputed author of the first German version of “Reynard the Fox.”

ALL THE TALENTS, ADMINISTRATION OF, a ministry formed by Lord Grenville on the death of Pitt in 1806.

AL`LAH, the Adorable, the Arab name for God, adopted by the Mohammedans as the name of the one God.

ALLAHABAD` (175), the City of God, a central city of British India, on the confluence of the Ganges and the Jumna, 550 m. from Calcutta, and on the railway between that city and Bombay.