CLEARING-HOUSE, a house for interchanging the respective claims of banks and of railway companies.

CLEISHBOTHAM, JEDEDIAH, an imaginary editor in Scott’s “Tales of My Landlord.”

CLELIA, a Roman heroine, who swam the Tiber to escape from Porsenna, whose hostage she was; sent back by the Romans, she was set at liberty, and other hostages along with her, out of admiration on Porsenna’s part of both her and her people.

CLEMENCEAUX, GEORGES BENJAMIN, French politician, born in La Vendee; bred to medicine; political adversary of Gambetta; proprietor of La Justice, a Paris journal; an expert swordsman; b. 1841.

CLEMENCET, CHARLES, a French Benedictine, born near Autun; one of the authors of the great chronological work, “Art de Verifier les Dates,” and wrote the history of the Port Royal (1703-1778).

CLEMENCIN, DIEGO, a Spanish statesman and litterateur; his most important work a commentary on “Don Quixote.”

CLEMENS, SAMUEL LANGHORNE, an American humorist with the pseudonym of “Mark Twain,” born at Florida, Missouri, U.S.; began his literary career as a newspaper reporter and a lecturer; his first book “The Jumping Frog”; visited Europe, described in the “Innocents Abroad”; married a lady of fortune; wrote largely in his peculiar humorous vein, such as the “Tramp Abroad”; produced a drama entitled the “Gilded Age,” and compiled the “Memoirs of General Grant”; b. 1835.

CLEMENS ALEXANDRINUS, one of the Greek Fathers of the Church, of the 2nd and 3rd centuries; had Origen for pupil; brought up in Greek philosophy; converted in manhood to Christianity from finding in his appreciation of knowledge over faith confirmations of it in his philosophy, which he still adhered to; his “Stromata” or “Miscellanies” contain facts and quotations found nowhere else.

CLEMENT, the name of 14 popes:  C. I., Pope from 91 to 100; one of the Apostolic Fathers; wrote an Epistle to the Church of Corinth, with references to the Canonical books.  C. II., Pope from 1046 to 1047.  C. III., pope from 1187 to 1191.  C. IV., Pope from 1265 to 1268.  C. V., Bertrand de Goth, Pope from 1305 to 1314; transferred the seat of the Papacy to Avignon, and abolished the Order of the Knights Templars.  C. VI.  Pope from 1342 to 1352; resided at Avignon.  C. VII., Giulio de Medici, Pope from 1523 to 1534; celebrated for his quarrels with Charles V. and Henry VIII., was made prisoner in Rome by the Constable of Bourbon; refused to sanction the divorce of Henry VIII., and brought about the schism of England from the Holy See.  C. VIII., Pope from 1592 to 1605; a patron of Tasso’s; readmitted Henry IV. to the Church and the Jesuits to France.  C. IX., Pope from 1667 to 1669.  C. X., pope from 1670 to 1676.  C. XI., Pope from 1700 to 1721; as Francesco Albani opposed the Jansenists; issued the bull Unigenitus against them; supported the Pretender and the claims of the Stuarts.  C. XII., Pope from 1738 to 1740.  C. XIII., Pope from 1758 to 1769.  C. XIV., Pope from 1769 to 1774, Ganganelli, an able, liberal-minded, kind-hearted, and upright man; abolished the Order of the Jesuits out of regard to the peace of the Church; his death occurred not without suspicions of foul-play.