Spengler’s argument is fully and floridly presented in The Decline of the West.  The author offers a theory of history based on the existence of an arbitrary and rather mechanical life cycle.  It includes a period of gestation, rise and expansion, a period of maturity and stability and a final period of decline and dissolution.  Spengler believed that western civilization is in the grip of an irreversable decline.

The Spenglerian perspective is based on the assumption of a normal pattern in the growth and decline of civilizations.  The normalcy on which Spengler based his assumption was disrupted around 1750 when a series of new dynamic factors entered the stream of modern social history: 

I. Mankind gained access to immense stores of energy which supplemented human energy, the energies of domesticated animals and a miniscule use of water power and air power.  To these traditional energy sources the revolution in science and technology has added steam, electricity, and the energy stored in the atom.

II.  These new sources of energy were harnessed and directed through mechanical and chemical agencies that greatly extended human capacity to convert nature’s stored wealth into goods and services available for human consumption, and to develop a surplus of wealth and a release of manpower sufficient to build up a backlog of capital which, in its turn, produced goods and services with economic surpluses convertible into additional capital.

III.  This revolution in the tempo of production and capital accumulation was parallelled by a like revolution in transportation and communication by land, water, and eventually by air and in space.  Electricity played an essential part in the process by speeding communication and helping to put transportation on wheels.

IV.  Building construction was also revolutionized—­metals, concrete, glass and synthetics replaced wood and stone as the basic construction materials.

V. New energy sources and the new capital expanded the volume and variety of production far more rapidly than the increase in population and turned the resulting surplus into a technical apparatus that made possible mass production for a mass market.

VI.  Mass production, transportation, construction and marketing ushered in an era of surplus that replaced the age of comparative scarcity with an age of rapidly increasing abundance.

Changes in the means of production play havoc with any established social pattern.  The economic alteration that accompanied and followed the eighteenth and early nineteenth century transformation of western economy overturned various aspects of the western social structure: 

   1.  Representative government made its appearance and spread
   widely;

   2.  Social services and social security, previously reserved for
   the elite, were provided for wider and wider circles of the
   population;