[233] C. Leemius, De Lapponibus Finmarchiae eorumque lingua vita et religione pristina (Copenhagen, 1767), p. 494.

[234] E.W.  Nelson, “The Eskimo about Bering Strait,” Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Part i. (Washington, 1899) p. 440.

[235] The Carriers are a tribe of Dene or Tinneh Indians who get their name from a custom observed among them by widows, who carry, or rather used to carry, the charred bones of their dead husbands about with them in bundles.

[236] Hence we may conjecture that the similar ornaments worn by Mabuiag girls in similar circumstances are also amulets.  See above, p. 36.  Among the aborigines of the Upper Yarra river in Victoria, a girl at puberty used to have cords tied very tightly round several parts of her body.  The cords were worn for several days, causing the whole body to swell very much and inflicting great pain.  The girl might not remove them till she was clean.  See R. Brough Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria (Melbourne and London, 1878), i. 65.  Perhaps the cords were intended to arrest the flow of blood.

[237] Rev. Father A.G.  Morice, “The Western Denes, their Manners and Customs,” Proceedings of the Canadian Institute, Toronto, Third Series, vii. (1888-89) pp. 162-164.  The writer has repeated the substance of this account in a later work, Au pays de l’Ours Noir:  chez les sauvages de la Colombia Britannique (Paris and Lyons, 1897), pp. 72 sq.

[238] A.G.  Morice, “Notes, Archaeological, Industrial, and Sociological, on the Western Denes,” Transactions of the Canadian Institute, iv. (1892-93) pp. 106 sq. Compare Rev. Father Julius Jette, “On the Superstitions of the Ten’a Indians,” Anthropos, vi. (1911) pp. 703 sq., who tells us that Tinneh women at these times may not lift their own nets, may not step over other people’s nets, and may not pass in a boat or canoe near a place where nets are being set.

[239] A.G.  Morice, in Transactions of the Canadian Institute, iv. (1892-93) pp. 107, 110.

[240] James Teit, The Thompson Indians of British Columbia, p. 327 (The Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Memoir of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, April 1900).

[241] See above, p. 53.

[242] Laws of Manu, translated by G. Buhler (Oxford, 1886), ch. iv. 41 sq., p. 135 (Sacred Books of the East, vol. xxv.).

[243] The Zend-Avesta, translated by J. Darmesteter, i. (Oxford, 1880) p. xcii. (Sacred Books of the East, vol. iv.).  See id., pp. 9, 181-185, Fargard, i. 18 and 19, xvi. 1-18.

[244] Pliny, Nat.  Hist. vii. 64 sq., xxviii. 77 sqq. Compare Geoponica, xii. 20. 5 and 25. 2; Columella, De re rustica, xi. 357 sqq.