[694] J. Grimm, Deutsche Mythologie, [4] i. 503 _sq._

[695] J. Grimm, op. cit. i. 504.

[696] Adalbert Kuhn, Maerkische Sagen und Maerchen (Berlin, 1843), p. 369.

[697] Karl Bartsch, Sagen, Maerchen und Gebraeuche aus Mecklenburg (Vienna, 1879-1880), ii. 149-151.

[698] Carl und Theodor Colshorn, Maerchen und Sagen (Hanover, 1854), pp. 234-236, from the description of an eye-witness.

[699] Heinrich Proehle, Harzbilder, Sitten und Gebraeuche aus dem Harz-gebirge (Leipsic, 1855), pp. 74 sq. The date of this need-fire is not given; probably it was about the middle of the nineteenth century.

[700] R. Andree, Braunschweiger Volkskunde (Brunswick, 1896), pp. 313 sq.

[701] R. Andree, op. cit. pp. 314 sq.

[702] Montanus, Die deutschen Volks-feste, Volksbraeuche und deutscher Volksglaube (Iserlohn, N.D.), p. 127.

[703] Paul Drechsler, Sitte, Brauch und Volksglaube in Schlesien (Leipsic, 1903-1906), ii. 204.

[704] Anton Peter, Volksthuemliches aus Oesterreichisch-Schlesien (Troppau, 1865-1867), ii. 250.

[705] Alois John, Sitte, Brauch und Volksglaube im deutschen Westboehmen (Prague, 1905), p. 209.

[706] C.L.  Rochholz, Deutscher Glaube und Brauch (Berlin, 1867), ii. 149.

[707] E. Hoffmann-Krayer, “Fruchtbarkeitsriten im schweizerischen Volksbrauch,” Schweizerisches Archiv fur Volkskunde, xi. (1907) pp. 244-246.

[708] E. Hoffmann-Krayer, op. cit. p. 246.

[709] J. Grimm, Deutsche Mythologie,*[4] i. 505.

[710] “Old-time Survivals in remote Norwegian Dales,” Folk-lore, xx. (1909) pp. 314, 322 sq. This record of Norwegian folk-lore is translated from a little work Sundalen og Oeksendalens Beskrivelse written by Pastor Chr.  Gluekstad and published at Christiania “about twenty years ago.”

[711] Prof.  VI.  Titelbach, “Das heilige Feuer bei den Balkanslaven,” Inter-nationales Archiv fuer Ethnographie, xiii. (1900) pp. 2 sq. We have seen (above, p. 220) that in Russia the need-fire is, or used to be, annually kindled on the eighteenth of August.  As to the need-fire in Bulgaria see also below, pp. 284 sq.

[712] F.S.  Krauss, “Altslavische Feuergewinnung,” Globus, lix. (1891) p. 318, quoting P. Ljiebenov, Baba Ega (Trnovo, 1887), p. 44.

[713] F.S.  Krauss, op. cit. p. 319, quoting Wisla, vol. iv. pp. 1, 244 sqq.

[714] F.S.  Krauss, op. cit. p. 318, quoting Oskar Kolberg, in Mazowsze, vol. iv. p. 138.

[715] F.S.  Krauss, “Slavische Feuerbohrer,” Globus, lix. (1891) p. 140.  The evidence quoted by Dr. Krauss is that of his father, who often told of his experience to his son.

[716] Prof.  Vl.  Titelbach, “Das heilige Feuer bei den Balkanslaven,” Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie, xiii. (1900) p. 3.