[622] Leland L. Duncan, “Further Notes from County Leitrim,” Folk-lore, v. (1894) pp. 195-197.

[623] H.J.  Byrne, “All Hallows Eve and other Festivals in Connaught,” Folk-lore, xviii. (1907) pp. 437 sq.

[624] Joseph Train, Historical and Statistical Account of the Isle of Man (Douglas, Isle of Man, 1845), ii. 123; (Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx (Oxford, 1901), i. 315 sqq.

[625] (Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx (Oxford, 1901), i. 318-321.

[626] John Harland and T.T.  Wilkinson, Lancashire Folk-lore (Manchester and London, 1882), pp. 3 sq.

[627] J. Harland and T.T.  Wilkinson, op. cit. p. 140.

[628] Annie Milner, in William Hone’s Year Book (London, preface dated January, 1832), coll. 1276-1279 (letter dated June, 1831); R.T.  Hampson, Medii Aevi Kalendarium (London, 1841), i. 365; T.F.  Thiselton Dyer, British Popular Customs (London, 1876), p. 395.

[629] County Folk-lore vol. iv. Northumberland, collected by M.C.  Balfour (London, 1904), p. 78.  Compare W. Henderson, Notes on the Folk-lore of the Northern Counties of England (London, 1879), pp. 96 sq.

[630] Baron Dupin, in Memoires publiees par la Societe Royale des Antiquaires de France, iv. (1823) p. 108.

[631] The evidence for the solar origin of Christmas is given in Adonis, Attis, Osiris, Second Edition, pp. 254-256.

[632] For the various names (Yu-batch, Yu-block, Yule-log, etc.) see Francis Grose, Provincial Glossary, New Edition (London, 1811), p. 141; Joseph Wright, The English Dialect Dictionary (London, 1898-1905), vi. 593, s.v. “Yule.”

[633] “I am pretty confident that the Yule block will be found, in its first use, to have been only a counterpart of the Midsummer fires, made within doors because of the cold weather at this winter solstice, as those in the hot season, at the summer one, are kindled in the open air.” (John Brand, Popular Antiquities of Great Britain, London, 1882-1883, i. 471).  His opinion is approved by W. Mannhardt (Der Baumkultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstaemme, p. 236).

[634] “Et arborem in nativitate domini ad festivum ignem suum adducendam esse dicebat” (quoted by Jacob Grimm, Deutsche Mythologie, i. 522).

[635] Montanus, Die deutschen Volksfeste, Volksbrauche und deutscher Volksglaube (Iserlohn, N.D.), p. 12.  The Sieg and Lahn are two rivers of Central Germany, between Siegen and Marburg.

[636] J.H.  Schmitz, Sitten und Sagen, Lieder, Spruechwoerter und Raethsel des Eifler Volkes (Treves, 1856-1858), i. 4.

[637] Adalbert Kuhn, Sagen, Gebraeuche und Maerchen aus Westfalen (Leipsic, 1859), ii.  Sec. 319, pp. 103 sq.

[638] A. Kuhn, op. cit. ii.  Sec. 523, p. 187.