[568] See below, p. 225.

[569] Above, pp. 146 sqq.; The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings, ii. 59 sqq.

[570] (Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Folk-lore, Manx and Welsh (Oxford, 1901), i. 316, 317 sq.; J.A.  MacCulloch, in Dr. James Hastings’s Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, iii. (Edinburgh, 1910) s.v. “Calendar,” p. 80, referring to Kelly, English and Manx Dictionary (Douglas, 1866), s.v. “Blein.”  Hogmanay is the popular Scotch name for the last day of the year.  See Dr. J. Jamieson, Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, New Edition (Paisley, 1879-1882), ii. 602 sq.

[571] (Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx, i. 316 sq.

[572] Above, p. 139.

[573] See Adonis, Attis, Osiris, Second Edition, pp. 309-318.  As I have there pointed out, the Catholic Church succeeded in altering the date of the festival by one day, but not in changing the character of the festival.  All Souls’ Day is now the second instead of the first of November.  But we can hardly doubt that the Saints, who have taken possession of the first of November, wrested it from the Souls of the Dead, the original proprietors.  After all, the Saints are only one particular class of the Souls of the Dead; so that the change which the Church effected, no doubt for the purpose of disguising the heathen character of the festival, is less great than appears at first sight.

[574] In Wales “it was firmly believed in former times that on All Hallows’ Eve the spirit of a departed person was to be seen at midnight on every cross-road and on every stile” (Marie Trevelyan, Folk-lore and Folk-stories of Wales, London, 1909, p. 254).

[575] E. J. Guthrie, Old Scottish Customs (London and Glasgow, 1885), p. 68.

[576] A. Goodrich-Freer, “More Folklore from the Hebrides,” Folk-lore, xiii. (1902) p. 53.

[577] (Sir) Jolin Rhys, Celtic Heathendom (London and Edinburgh, 1888), p. 516.

[578] P.W.  Joyce, A Social History of Ancient Ireland (London, 1903), i. 264 sq., ii. 556.

[579] (Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Heathendom, p. 516.

[580] Rev. John Gregorson Campbell, Superstitions of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland (Glasgow, 1900), pp. 61 sq.

[581] Ch.  Rogers, Social Life in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1884-1886), iii. 258-260.

[582] Douglas Hyde, Beside the Fire, a Collection of Irish Gaelic Folk Stories (London, 1890), pp. 104, 105, 121-128.

[583] P.W.  Joyce, Social History of Ancient Ireland, i. 229.

[584] Marie Trevelyan, Folk-lore and Folk-stories of Wales (London, 1909), p. 254.

[585] (Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Heathendom, pp. 514 sq. In order to see the apparitions all you had to do was to run thrice round the parish church and then peep through the key-hole of the door.  See Marie Trevelyan, op. cit. p. 254; J. C. Davies, Folk-lore of West and Mid-Wales (Aberystwyth, 1911), p. 77.