[545] G. Georgeakis et L. Pineau, Le Folk-lore de Lesbos (Paris, 1894), pp. 308 sq.

[546] W.R.  Paton, in Folk-lore, vi. (1895) p. 94.  From the stones cast into the fire omens may perhaps be drawn, as in Scotland, Wales, and probably Brittany.  See above, p. 183, and below, pp. 230 sq., 239, 240.

[547] W.H.D.  Rouse, “Folklore from the Southern Sporades,” Folk-lore, x. (1899) p. 179.

[548] Lucy M.J.  Garnett, The Women of Turkey and their Folk-lore, the Christian Women (London, 1890), p. 122; G.F.  Abbott, Macedonian Folklore (Cambridge, 1903), p. 57.

[549] J.G. von Hahn, Albanesische Studien (Jena, 1854), i. 156.

[550] K. von den Steinen, Unter den Natur-Voelkern Zentral-Brasiliens (Berlin, 1894), p. 561.

[551] Alcide d’Orbigny, Voyage dans l’Amerique Meridionale, ii. (Paris and Strasbourg, 1839-1843), p. 420; D. Forbes, “On the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru,” Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, ii. (1870) p. 235.

[552] Edmond Doutte, Magie et Religion dans l’Afrique du Nord (Algiers, 1908), pp. 566 sq.  For an older but briefer notice of the Midsummer fires in North Africa, see Giuseppe Ferraro, Superstizioni, Usi e Proverbi Monferrini (Palermo, 1886), pp. 34 sq.:  “Also in Algeria, among the Mussalmans, and in Morocco, as Alvise da Cadamosto reports in his Relazione dei viaggi d’Africa, which may be read in Ramusio, people used to hold great festivities on St. John’s Night; they kindled everywhere huge fires of straw (the Palilia of the Romans), in which they threw incense and perfumes the whole night long in order to invoke the divine blessing on the fruit-trees.”  See also Budgett Meakin, The Moors (London, 1902), p. 394:  “The Berber festivals are mainly those of Islam, though a few traces of their predecessors are observable.  Of these the most noteworthy is Midsummer or St. John’s Day, still celebrated in a special manner, and styled El Ansarah.  In the Rif it is celebrated by the lighting of bonfires only, but in other parts there is a special dish prepared of wheat, raisins, etc., resembling the frumenty consumed at the New Year.  It is worthy of remark that the Old Style Gregorian calendar is maintained among them, with corruptions of Latin names.”

[553] Edward Westermarck, “Midsummer Customs in Morocco,” Folklore, xvi. (1905) pp. 28-30; id., Ceremonies and Beliefs connected with Agriculture, Certain Dates of the Solar Year, and the Weather (Helsingfors, 1913), pp. 79-83.

[554] E. Westermarck, “Midsummer Customs in Morocco,” Folk-lore, xvi. (1905) pp. 30 sq.; id., Ceremonies and Beliefs connected with Agriculture, etc., pp. 83 sq.

[555] Edmond Doutte, Magie et Religion dans l’Afrique du Nord (Algiers, 1908), pp. 567 sq.