[380] Marie Trevelyan, Folk-lore and Folk-stories of Wales (London, 1909), pp. 22-24.

[381] Jonathan Ceredig Davies, Folklore of West and Mid-Wales (Aberystwyth, 1911), p. 76.

[382] Joseph Train, An Historical and Statistical Account of the Isle of Man (Douglas, Isle of Man, 1845), i. 314 sq.

[383] (Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx (Oxford, 1901), i. 309; id., “The Coligny Calendar,” Proceedings of the British Academy, 1909-1910, pp. 261 sq. See further The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings, ii. 53 sq.

[384] Professor Frank Granger, “Early Man,” in The Victoria History of the County of Nottingham, edited by William Page, i. (London, 1906) pp. 186 sq.

[385] (Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx (Oxford, 1901), i. 310; id., “Manx Folk-lore and Superstitions,” Folk-lore, ii. (1891) pp. 303 sq.

[386] P.W.  Joyce, A Social History of Ancient Ireland (London, 1903), i. 290 sq., referring to Kuno Meyer, Hibernia Minora, p. 49 and Glossary, 23.

[387] J.B.  Bury, The Life of St. Patrick (London, 1905), pp. 104 sqq.

[388] Above, p. 147.

[389] Geoffrey Keating, D.D., The History of Ireland, translated by John O’Mahony (New York, 1857), pp. 300 sq.

[390] (Sir) John Rhys, “Manx Folk-lore and Superstition,” Folk-lore, ii. (1891) p. 303; id., Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx (Oxford, 1901), i. 309.  Compare P.W.  Joyce, A Social History of Ancient Ireland (London, 1903), i. 291:  “The custom of driving cattle through fires against disease on the eve of the 1st of May, and on the eve of the 24th June (St. John’s Day), continued in Ireland, as well as in the Scottish Highlands, to a period within living memory.”  In a footnote Mr. Joyce refers to Carmichael, Carmina Gadelica, ii. 340, for Scotland, and adds, “I saw it done in Ireland.”

[391] L. Lloyd, Peasant Life in Sweden (London, 1870), pp. 233 sq.

[392] Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, Fest-Kalender aus Boehmen (Prague, N.D.), pp. 211 sq.; Br.  Jelinek, “Materialien zur Vorgeschichte und Volkskunde Boehmens,” Mittheilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, xxi. (1891) p. 13; Alois John, Sitte, Branch, und Volksglaube im deutschen Westboehmen (Prague, 1905), p. 71.

[393] J.A.E.  Koehler, Volksbrauch, Aberglauben, Sagen und andre alte Ueberlieferungen im Voigtlande (Leipsic, 1867), p. 373.  The superstitions relating to witches at this season are legion.  For instance, in Saxony and Thuringia any one who labours under a physical blemish can easily rid himself of it by transferring it to the witches on Walpurgis Night.  He has only to go out to a cross-road, make three crosses on the blemish, and say, “In the name of God