[329] B. de Sahagun, Histoire Generale des Choses de la Nouvelle Espagne, traduite par D. Jourdanet et R. Simeon (Paris, 1880), bk. ii. chapters 18 and 37, pp. 76, 161; Brasseur de Bourbourg, Histoire des Nations civilisees du Mexique et de l’Amerique-Centrale (Paris, 1857-1859), iii. 136.

[330] Mrs. Matilda Coxe Stevenson, “The Zuni Indians,” Twenty-third Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (Washington, 1904), pp. 108-141, 148-162, especially pp. 108, 109, 114 sq., 120 sq., 130 sq., 132, 148 sq., 157 sq. I have already described these ceremonies in Totemism and Exogamy, iii. 237 sq. Among the Hopi (Moqui) Indians of Walpi, another pueblo village of this region, new fire is ceremonially kindled by friction in November.  See Jesse Walter Fewkes, “The Tusayan New Fire Ceremony,” Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, xxvi. 422-458; id., “The Group of Tusayan Ceremonials called Katcinas,” Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology (Washington, 1897), p. 263; id., “Hopi Katcinas,” Twenty-first Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (Washington, 1903), p. 24.

[331] Henry R. Schoolcraft, Notes on the Iroquois (Albany, 1847), p. 137.  Schoolcraft did not know the date of the ceremony, but he conjectured that it fell at the end of the Iroquois year, which was a lunar year of twelve or thirteen months.  He says:  “That the close of the lunar series should have been the period of putting out the fire, and the beginning of the next, the time of relumination, from new fire, is so consonant to analogy in the tropical tribes, as to be probable” (op. cit. p. 138).

[332] C.F.  Hall, Life with the Esquimaux (London, 1864), ii. 323.

[333] Franz Boas, “The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay,” Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural, History, xv.  Part i. (New York, 1901) p. 151.

[334] G. Nachtigal, Sahara und Sudan, iii. (Leipsic, 1889) p. 251.

[335] Major C. Percival, “Tropical Africa, on the Border Line of Mohamedan Civilization,” The Geographical Journal, xlii. (1913) pp. 253 sq.

[336] Adrien Germain, “Note sur Zanzibar et la cote orientale de l’Afrique,” Bulletin de la Societe de Geographie (Paris), v.  Serie xvi. (1868) p. 557; Les Missions Catholiques, iii. (1870) p. 270; Charles New, Life, Wanderings, and Labours in Eastern Africa (London, 1873), p. 65; Jerome Becker, La Vie en Afrique (Paris and Brussels, 1887), ii. 36; O. Baumann, Usambara und seine Nachbargebiele (Berlin, 1891), pp. 55 sq.; C. Velten, Sitten und Gebraeucheaer Suaheli (Goettingen,1903), pp. 342-344.