from the fire. If it blew towards the corn-fields,
it was a sign that the harvest would be abundant.
On the same day, in some parts of the Eifel, a great
wheel was made of straw and dragged by three horses
to the top of a hill. Thither the village boys
marched at nightfall, set fire to the wheel, and sent
it rolling down the slope. Two lads followed
it with levers to set it in motion again, in case
it should anywhere meet with a check. At Oberstattfeld
the wheel had to be provided by the young man who was
last married.[289] About Echternach in Luxemburg the
same ceremony is called “burning the witch”;
while it is going on, the older men ascend the heights
and observe what wind is blowing, for that is the wind
which will prevail the whole year.[290] At Voralberg
in the Tyrol, on the first Sunday in Lent, a slender
young fir-tree is surrounded with a pile of straw
and firewood. To the top of the tree is fastened
a human figure called the “witch,” made
of old clothes and stuffed with gunpowder. At
night the whole is set on fire and boys and girls dance
round it, swinging torches and singing rhymes in which
the words “corn in the winnowing-basket, the
plough in the earth” may be distinguished.[291]
In Swabia on the first Sunday in Lent a figure called
the “witch” or the “old wife”
or “winter’s grandmother” is made
up of clothes and fastened to a pole. This is
stuck in the middle of a pile of wood, to which fire
is applied. While the “witch” is burning,
the young people throw blazing discs into the air.
The discs are thin round pieces of wood, a few inches
in diameter, with notched edges to imitate the rays
of the sun or stars. They have a hole in the
middle, by which they are attached to the end of a
wand. Before the disc is thrown it is set on fire,
the wand is swung to and fro, and the impetus thus
communicated to the disc is augmented by dashing the
rod sharply against a sloping board. The burning
disc is thus thrown off, and mounting high into the
air, describes a long fiery curve before it reaches
the ground. A single lad may fling up forty or
fifty of these discs, one after the other. The
object is to throw them as high as possible. The
wand by which they are hurled must, at least in some
parts of Swabia, be of hazel. Sometimes the lads
also leap over the fire brandishing lighted torches
of pine-wood. The charred embers of the burned
“witch” and discs are taken home and planted
in the flaxfields the same night, in the belief that
they will keep vermin from the fields.[292] At Wangen,
near Molsheim in Baden, a like custom is observed
on the first Sunday in Lent. The young people
kindle a bonfire on the crest of the mountain above
the village; and the burning discs which they hurl
into the air are said to present in the darkness the
aspect of a continual shower of falling stars.
When the supply of discs is exhausted and the bonfire
begins to burn low, the boys light torches and run
with them at full speed down one or other of the three