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A DEFENCE OF HERALDRY

The modern view of heraldry is pretty accurately represented by the words of the famous barrister who, after cross-examining for some time a venerable dignitary of Heralds’ College, summed up his results in the remark that ’the silly old man didn’t even understand his own silly old trade.’

Heraldry properly so called was, of course, a wholly limited and aristocratic thing, but the remark needs a kind of qualification not commonly realized.  In a sense there was a plebeian heraldry, since every shop was, like every castle, distinguished not by a name, but a sign.  The whole system dates from a time when picture-writing still really ruled the world.  In those days few could read or write; they signed their names with a pictorial symbol, a cross—­and a cross is a great improvement on most men’s names.

Now, there is something to be said for the peculiar influence of pictorial symbols on men’s minds.  All letters, we learn, were originally pictorial and heraldic:  thus the letter A is the portrait of an ox, but the portrait is now reproduced in so impressionist a manner that but little of the rural atmosphere can be absorbed by contemplating it.  But as long as some pictorial and poetic quality remains in the symbol, the constant use of it must do something for the aesthetic education of those employing it.  Public-houses are now almost the only shops that use the ancient signs, and the mysterious attraction which they exercise may be (by the optimistic) explained in this manner.  There are taverns with names so dreamlike and exquisite that even Sir Wilfrid Lawson might waver on the threshold for a moment, suffering the poet to struggle with the moralist.  So it was with the heraldic images.  It is impossible to believe that the red lion of Scotland acted upon those employing it merely as a naked convenience like a number or a letter; it is impossible to believe that the Kings of Scotland would have cheerfully accepted the substitute of a pig or a frog.  There are, as we say, certain real advantages in pictorial symbols, and one of them is that everything that is pictorial suggests, without naming or defining.  There is a road from the eye to the heart that does not go through the intellect.  Men do not quarrel about the meaning of sunsets; they never dispute that the hawthorn says the best and wittiest thing about the spring.

Thus in the old aristocratic days there existed this vast pictorial symbolism of all the colours and degrees of aristocracy.  When the great trumpet of equality was blown, almost immediately afterwards was made one of the greatest blunders in the history of mankind.  For all this pride and vivacity, all these towering symbols and flamboyant colours, should have been extended to mankind.  The tobacconist should have had a crest, and the cheesemonger a war-cry.  The grocer