I am proud to say that a furious, uncompromising, and very effective attack was made upon what was alleged to be the utter immorality of this book by my excellent friend Mr. C.F.G.  Masterman, in the ‘Speaker.’  The tendency of that criticism was to the effect that I was discouraging improvement and disguising scandals by my offensive optimism.  Quoting the passage in which I said that ’diamonds were to be found in the dust-bin,’ he said:  ’There is no difficulty in finding good in what humanity rejects.  The difficulty is to find it in what humanity accepts.  The diamond is easy enough to find in the dust-bin.  The difficulty is to find it in the drawing-room.’  I must admit, for my part, without the slightest shame, that I have found a great many very excellent things in drawing-rooms.  For example, I found Mr. Masterman in a drawing-room.  But I merely mention this purely ethical attack in order to state, in as few sentences as possible, my difference from the theory of optimism and progress therein enunciated.  At first sight it would seem that the pessimist encourages improvement.  But in reality it is a singular truth that the era in which pessimism has been cried from the house-tops is also that in which almost all reform has stagnated and fallen into decay.  The reason of this is not difficult to discover.  No man ever did, and no man ever can, create or desire to make a bad thing good or an ugly thing beautiful.  There must be some germ of good to be loved, some fragment of beauty to be admired.  The mother washes and decks out the dirty or careless child, but no one can ask her to wash and deck out a goblin with a heart like hell.  No one can kill the fatted calf for Mephistopheles.  The cause which is blocking all progress today is the subtle scepticism which whispers in a million ears that things are not good enough to be worth improving.  If the world is good we are revolutionaries, if the world is evil we must be conservatives.  These essays, futile as they are considered as serious literature, are yet ethically sincere, since they seek to remind men that things must be loved first and improved afterwards.

G. K. C_.

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THE DEFENDANT

INTRODUCTION

In certain endless uplands, uplands like great flats gone dizzy, slopes that seem to contradict the idea that there is even such a thing as a level, and make us all realize that we live on a planet with a sloping roof, you will come from time to time upon whole valleys filled with loose rocks and boulders, so big as to be like mountains broken loose.  The whole might be an experimental creation shattered and cast away.  It is often difficult to believe that such cosmic refuse can have come together except by human means.  The mildest and most cockney imagination conceives the place to be the scene of some war of giants.