The Confederate losses were hardly less severe.  The killed and wounded were as under:—­

Second army corps. 
A.P.  Hill’s Division 2,583
Rodes’ ,, 2,178
Colston’s ,, 1,868
Early’s ,, 851
Anderson’s ,, 1,180
McLaws’ ,, 1,879
Artillery 227
Cavalry 11
Prisoners (estimated) 2,000
                               ------
                               12,277

But a mere statement of the casualties by no means represents the comparative loss of the opposing forces.  Victory does not consist in merely killing and maiming a few thousand men.  This is the visible result; it is the invisible that tells.  The Army of the Potomac, when it retreated across the Rappahannock, was far stronger in mere numbers than the Army of Northern Virginia; but in reality it was far weaker, for the moral of the survivors, and of the general who led them, was terribly affected.  That of the Confederates, on the other hand, had been sensibly elevated, and it is moral, not numbers, which is the strength of armies.  What, after all, was the loss of 12,200 soldiers to the Confederacy?  In that first week of May there were probably 20,000 conscripts in different camps of instruction, more than enough to recruit the depleted regiments to full strength.  Nor did the slaughter of Chancellorsville diminish to any appreciable degree the vast hosts of the Union.

And yet the Army of the Potomac had lost more than all the efforts of the Government could replace.  The Army of Virginia, on the other hand, had acquired a superiority of spirit which was ample compensation for the sacrifice which had been made.  It is hardly too much to say that Lee’s force had gained from the victory an increase of strength equivalent to a whole army corps of 80,000 men, while that of his opponent had been proportionately diminished.  Why, then, was there no pursuit?

It has been asserted that Lee was so crippled by his losses at Chancellorsville that he was unable to resume operations against Hooker for a whole month.  This explanation of his inactivity can hardly be accepted.

On June 16 and 18, 1815, at Quatre-Bras and Waterloo, the Anglo-Dutch army, little larger than that of Northern Virginia, lost 17,000 men; and yet on the 19th Wellington was marching in pursuit of the French; nor did he halt until he arrived within sight of Paris.  And on August 28, 29, and 30, 1862, at Groveton and the Second Manassas, Stonewall Jackson lost 4000 officers and men, one-fifth of his force, but he was not left in rear when Lee invaded Maryland.  Moreover, after he had defeated Sedgwick, on the same night that Hooker was recrossing the Rappahannock, Lee was planning a final attack on the Federal intrenchments, and his disappointment was bitter when he learned that his