Artillery. 
Colonel S.D.  Lee’s Battalion 85
Washington Artillery 34
Cavalry, etc. etc. (estimated) 143
—–­
262
Grand total 9,550

Army of the Potomac
First Corps—­Hooker 2,590
Second Corps—­Sumner 5,138
Fifth Corps—­Porter 109
Sixth Corps—­Franklin 439
Ninth Corps—­Burnside 2,349
Twelfth Corps—­Mansfield 1,746
Cavalry Division, etc. 39
------
(2,108 killed) 12,410*
(* For the losses in various great battles, see Note at end of volume.)

With Porter’s repulse the summer campaign of 1862 was closed.  Begun on the Chickahominy, within thirty miles of Richmond, it ended on the Potomac, within seventy miles of Washington; and six months of continuous fighting had brought both belligerents to the last stage of exhaustion.  Falling apart like two great battleships of the older wars,

The smoke of battle drifting slow a-lee.

hulls rent by roundshot, and scuppers awash with blood, but with the colours still flying over shattered spars and tangled shrouds, the armies drew off from the tremendous struggle.  Neither Confederates nor Federals were capable of further effort.  Lee, gathering in his stragglers, left Stuart to cover his front, and fell back towards Winchester.  McClellan was content with seizing the Maryland Heights at Harper’s Ferry, and except the cavalry patrols, not a single Federal soldier was sent across the river.

The organisation was absolutely imperative.  The Army of the Potomac was in no condition to undertake the invasion of Virginia.  Not only had the losses in battle been very large, but the supply train, hurriedly got together after Pope’s defeat, had broken down; in every arm there was great deficiency of horses; the troops, especially those who had been engaged in the Peninsula, were half-clad and badly shod; and, above all, the army was very far from sharing McClellan’s conviction that Sharpsburg was a brilliant victory.  The men in the ranks were not so easily deceived as their commander.  McClellan, relying on a return drawn up by General Banks, now in command at Washington, estimated the Confederate army at 97,000 men, and his official reports made frequent mention of Lee’s overwhelming strength.* (* Mr. Lincoln had long before this recognised the tendency of McClellan and others to exaggerate the enemy’s strength.  As a deputation from New England was one day leaving the White House, a delegate turned round and said:  “Mr. President, I should much like to know what you reckon to be the number the rebels have in arms against us.”  Without a moment’s hesitation Mr. Lincoln replied:  “Sir, I have the best possible reason for knowing the number to be one million of men, for whenever one of our generals engages a rebel army he reports that he has encountered a force twice his strength.  Now I know we have half a million soldiers, so I am bound to believe that the rebels have twice that number.”)