September 6.

D.H.  Hill’s division was pushed forward as advanced guard; Jackson’s troops, who had been granted a day’s rest, brought up the rear, and on the morning of the 6th reached White’s Ford on the Potomac.  Through the silver reaches of the great river the long columns of men and waggons, preceded by Fitzhugh Lee’s brigade, splashed and stumbled, and passing through the groves of oaks which overhung the water, wound steadily northward over the green fields of Maryland.

(1 The Army of Northern Virginia was thus organised during the Maryland campaign:—­

Longstreet’s McLaws’ Division = 35,600
              R.H.  Anderson’s Division
              D.R.  Jones’ Division
              J.G.  Walker’s Division
              Evans’ Brigade
              Washington Artillery
              S.D.  Lee’s Artillery battalion

Jackson’s Ewell’s (Lawton) Division = 16,800
              The Light (A.P.  Hill) Division
              Jackson’s own (J.R.  Jones) Division

D.H.  Hill’s Division = 7,000

Pendleton’s Reserve Artillery, 4 battalions = 1,000

Stuart Hampton’s Brigade = 4,000
              Fitzhugh Lee’s Brigade
              Robertson’s Brigade
              3 H.A.  Batteries, Captain Pelham

Total 64,400

No allowance has been made for straggling.  It is doubtful if more than 55,000 men entered Maryland.)

September 7.

The next day Frederick was occupied by Jackson, who was once more in advance; the cavalry at Urbanna watched the roads to Washington, and every city in the North was roused by the tidings that the grey jackets had crossed the border.  But although the army had entered Maryland without the slightest difficulty, the troops were not received with the enthusiasm they had anticipated.  The women, indeed, emulating their Virginia sisters, gave a warm welcome to the heroes of so many victories.  But the men, whether terrorised by the stern rule of the Federal Government, or mistrusting the power of the Confederates to secure them from further punishment, showed little disposition to join the ranks.  It is possible that the appearance of the Southern soldiery was not without effect.  Lee’s troops, after five months’ hard marching and hard fighting, were no delectable objects.  With torn and brimless hats, strands of rope for belts, and raw-hide moccasins of their own manufacture in lieu of boots; covered with vermin, and carrying their whole kit in Federal haversacks, the ragged scarecrows who swarmed through the streets of Frederick presented a pitiful contrast to the trim battalions which had hitherto held the Potomac.  Their conduct indeed was exemplary.  They had been warned that pillage and depredations would be severely dealt with, and all requisitions, even of fence-rails, were paid for on the spot.  Still recruits were few.  The warworn aspect and indifferent equipment of the “dirty darlings,” as more than one fair Marylander spoke of Jackson’s finest soldiers, failed to inspire confidence, and it was soon evident that the western counties of Maryland had small sympathy with the South.