With the compass as a guide, the sailor, in the darkest night, can tell in what direction he is going.

North, south, east, and west are called the chief points of the compass.

Other directions are northeast, halfway between north and east; northwest, halfway between north and west; southeast, halfway between south and east; and southwest, halfway between south and west.

[Illustration:  POINTS OF THE COMPASS.]

Write on your slates:

The chief points of the compass are north, south, east, and west.

Other directions are northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest.

Sailors find their way over the ocean by the help of the compass.

LESSON V.

QUESTIONS ON DIRECTION.

Your teacher will give you time to discover answers to these questions. 
She could tell you, but it is better to find them out for yourself.

If I go out of doors, how can I find the north?  How can I find it on a starlight night?  How can I find it on pleasant days?  How on rainy days?  How does a sailor find the north?

If you were lost and knew your home was north, how would you find it?  Do you know how hunters and Indians who live a great deal in the woods find out where the north is?  When you are in the woods, notice the amount of moss on the north side of trees as compared to that on the south side.

As winter approaches; many of our birds will want to go to a warmer country; in what direction will they fly?  Point to where ice and snow have their home.  What direction is that?

In what direction does your shadow fall at sunrise?  At sunset?  At noon?  When, during the day, is your shadow shortest?

[Illustration:  “IN WHAT DIRECTION DOES YOUR SHADOW FALL?”]

In what direction does your shadow extend from yourself when it is shortest?

What time of day is noon?  How can we tell when it is noon?  When is the sun highest in the sky?

[Illustration:  “WHAT MAY WE DISCOVER BY WATCHING THE SMOKE?”]

What may we discover by watching the direction of the smoke from the chimneys?  What does a vane on a steeple tell us?  What is a north wind?  A south wind?  An east wind?  A west wind?

What kind of weather may be expected from a north wind?  From a south wind?  From an east wind?  From a west wind?

LESSON VI.

WHAT THE WINDS BRING.

  Comes the north wind, snowflakes bringing: 
    Robes the fields in purest white,
  Paints grand houses, trees, and mountains
    On our window-panes at night.

  Hills and vales the east wind visits,
    Brings them chilly, driving rain;
  Shivering cattle homeward hurry,
    Onward through the darkening lane.

  Heat the south wind kindly gives us;
    Reddens apples, gilds the pear,
  Gives the grape a richer purple,
    Scatters plenty everywhere.