[Footnote 26:  The most satisfactory description of these concerts is that given by Geronimo de Mendieta, Historia Eclesiastica Indiana, Lib.  II, cap. 31.  I have taken some particulars from Boturini and Sahagun.]

[Footnote 27:  Literally, “the broken drum,” from tlapana, to break, as they say tlapanhuimetzli, half moon.  It is described by Tezozomoc as “un atambor bajo.” Cronica Mexicana, cap. 53.]

[Footnote 28:  From yollotl, heart, and pi, to tear out.  The instrument is mentioned by Tezozomoc, Cronica Mexicana, cap. 48.  On the Yopico, and its ceremonies, see Sahagun, Historia de Nueva Espana, Lib.  II, cap. 1, and Appendix.]

[Footnote 29:  Simeon, however, thinks the name arose from the growing and swelling of the sound of the instrument (notes to Jourdanet’s translation of Sahagun, p. 28).  Mr. H.H.  Bancroft gives the astonishing translation of teponaztli, “wing of stone vapor!” (Native Races of the Pacific States, Vol.  II, p. 293.) Brasseur traced the word to a Maya-Quiche root, tep.  In both Nahuatl and Maya this syllable is the radicle of various words meaning to increase, enlarge, to grow strong or great, etc.]

[Footnote 30:  Sahagun, Hist. de Nueva Espana, Lib.  II, cap. 27.]

[Footnote 31:  See The Gueegueence, a Comedy ballet in the Nahuatl Spanish dialect of Nicaragua, Introd., p. 29. (Philadelphia, 1883.)]

[Footnote 32:  Theodor Baker, Ueber die Musik der Nord-Amerikanischen Wilden., pp. 51-53. (Leipzig, 1882.)]

[Footnote 33:  Omitl, bone, chicahuac, strong.  A specimen made of the bone of a fossil elephant is possessed by Senor A. Chavero, of Mexico.  See Tezozomoc, Cronica Mexicana, cap. 55, and the note of Orozco y Berra to that passage in the Mexican edition.  Also Sahagun, Hist. de Nueva Espana, Lib.  VIII, cap. 20, who likewise describes most of the instruments referred to in this section.]

[Footnote 34:  H.T.  Cresson, On Aztec Music, in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1883.]

[Footnote 35:  Sahagun, Historia de Nueva Espana, Lib.  II, Appendice.]

[Footnote 36:  Duran, Historia de las Indias de Nueva Espana, Tom.  I, p. 233.]

[Footnote 37:  Boturini, Idea de una Nueva Historia General, Appendice, p. 95.]

[Footnote 38:  Echevarria, Historia del Origen de las Gentes de Nueva Espana, Discurso Preliminar.]

[Footnote 39:  Clavigero, Storia Antica di Messico, Lib.  VII, p. 175.]

[Footnote 40:  “Ihre Sprachen sind ueberreich an doppelsinnigen Ausdruecken die sie absichtlich anwenden um ihre Gedanken zu verbergen.  Geistliche haben mir versichert, dass sie obgleich der Aztekischen Sprache vollstaendig maechtig, oft den wahren Sinn einer Beichte nicht zu verstehen vermochten, weil die Beichtende sich in raethselhafter und metaphorreicher Weise auszudruecken pflegten.”  Carlos von Gagern, Charakteristik der Indianischen Bevoelkerung Mexico’s, p. 17 (in the Mit. der Geog.  Gesell., Wien. 1837).]