[Footnote 5:  Juan de Torquemada, Monarquia Indiana, Lib.  VI, cap. 43.]

[Footnote 6:  Torquemada, Monarquia Indiana, Lib.  XVII, cap. 3.  Didacus Valades, who was in Mexico about 1550, writes of the natives:  “Habent instrumenta musica permulta in quibus semulatione quadam se exercent.” Rhetorica Christiana, Pars.  IV, cap. 24.]

[Footnote 7:  Descriptions are given by Edward Muehlenpfordt, Die Republik Mexico, Bd.  I, pp. 250-52 (Hannover, 1844).]

[Footnote 8:  Molina translates piqui, “crear o plasmar Dios alguna cosa de nuevo.” Vocabulario de la Lengua Mexicana, s.v.]

[Footnote 9:  Sahagun, Historia de Nueva Espana, Lib.  X, cap. 8.]

[Footnote 10:  Boturini, Idea de una Nueva Historia General, p. 97.]

[Footnote 11:  Clavigero, Storia antica di Messico, Lib.  VII, p. 175.]

[Footnote 12:  Torquemada, Monarquia Indiana, Lib.  X, cap. 34.]

[Footnote 13:  Duran, Hist. de la Indias de Nueva Espana, Tom.  I, p. 233.]

[Footnote 14:  Tezozomoc, Cronica Mexicana, cap. 64.]

[Footnote 15:  Ixtlilxochitl, Historia Chichimeca, cap. 47.]

[Footnote 16:  Boturini, Idea de una Nueva Historia General, p. 90.]

[Footnote 17:  Tezozomoc, Cronica Mexicana, cap. 53.]

[Footnote 18:  See Sahagun, Historia de Neuva Espana, Lib.  IV, chap. 17, and Tezozomoc, Cronica Mexicana, cap. 64.]

[Footnote 19:  Cuitlaxoteyotl, from cuitatl, mierda; tecuilhuicuicatl, from tecuilhuaztli, sello, tecuilonti, el que lo haze a otro, pecando contra natura.  Molina, Vocabulario.]

[Footnote 20:  William A. Hammond, The Disease of the Scythians (morbus feminarum) and Certain Analogous Conditions, in the American Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1882.]

[Footnote 21:  Cronica Mexicana, cap. 2.]

[Footnote 22:  On this subject the reader may consult Parades, Compendio del Arte de la Lengua Mexicana, pp. 5, 6, and Sandoval, Arte de la Lengua Mexicana, pp. 60, 61.  Tapia Zenteno whose Arte Novissima de la Lengua Mexicana was published in 1753, rejects altogether the saltillo, and says its invention is of no use except to make students work harder! (pp. 3, 4.) The vowels with saltillo, he maintains, are simply to be pronounced with a slight aspiration.  Nevertheless, the late writers continue to employ and describe the saltillo, as Chimalpopoca, Epitome a Modo Facil de aprender el Idioma Nahuatl, p. 6. (Mexico, 1869.)]

[Footnote 23:  Arte Novissima de la Lengua Mexicana, pp. 3, 4.]

[Footnote 24:  Duran, Historia de Nueva Espana, Tom.  I, p. 230.]

[Footnote 25:  The singer who began the song was called cuicaito, “the speaker of the song.”]