“The learned and studious Freemasonic antiquary can satisfactorily explain the metaphysics of this requisition in our Book of Constitutions.  For the true and faithful Brother it sufficeth to know that such a requisition exists.  He will prize it the more because of its antiquity....  No man can in perfection be ‘made a Brother,’ no man can truly ‘learn our mysteries,’ and practice them, or ‘do the work of a Freemason,’ if he is not a man with body free from maim, defect and deformity.”—­Report of a Special Committee of the Grand Lodge of New York, in 1848.[66]

“The records of this Grand Lodge may be confidently appealed to, for proofs of her repeated refusal to permit maimed persons to be initiated, and not simply on the ground that ancient usage forbids it, but because the fundamental constitution of the Order—­the ancient charges—­forbid it.”—­Committee of Correspondence of New York, for 1848, p. 70.

“The lodges subordinate to this Grand Lodge are hereby required, in the initiation of applicants for Masonry, to adhere to the ancient law (as laid down in our printed books), which says he shall be of entire limbs”—­Resolution of the G.L. of Maryland, November, 1848.

“I received from the lodge at Ashley a petition to initiate into our Order a gentleman of high respectability, who, unfortunately, has been maimed.  I refused my assent....  I have also refused a similar request from the lodge of which I am a member.  The fact that the most distinguished masonic body on earth has recently removed one of the landmarks, should teach us to be careful how we touch those ancient boundaries.”—­Address of the Grand Master of New Jersey in 1849.

“The Grand Lodge of Florida adopted such a provision in her constitution, [the qualifying clause permitting the initiation of a maimed person, if his deformity was not such as to prevent his instruction], but more mature reflection, and more light reflected from our sister Grand Lodges, caused it to be stricken from our constitution.”—­Address of Gov.  Tho.  Brown, Grand Master of Florida in 1849.

“As to the physical qualifications, the Ahiman Rezon leaves no doubt on the subject, but expressly declares, that every applicant for initiation must be a man, free-born, of lawful age, in the perfect enjoyment of his senses, hale, and sound, and not deformed or dismembered; this is one of the ancient landmarks of the Order, which it is in the power of no body of men to change.  A man having but one arm, or one leg, or who is in anyway deprived of his due proportion of limbs and members, is as incapable of initiation as a woman.”—­Encyclical Letter of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina to its subordinates in 1849.

Impressed, then, by the weight of these authorities, which it would be easy, but is unnecessary, to multiply—­guided by a reference to the symbolic and speculative (not operative) reason of the law—­and governed by the express words of the regulation of 1683—­I am constrained to believe that the spirit as well as the letter of our ancient landmarks require that a candidate for admission should be perfect in all his parts, that is, neither redundant nor deficient, neither deformed nor dismembered, but of hale and entire limbs, as a man ought to be.