to teach the lower classes in boys’ schools, and some rural schools are staffed entirely by women, not because the woman teacher is deemed more suitable for the work, but because her labour is cheaper; hence the need, in the teaching profession, for recognition of the principle of “equal pay for equal work.”  Without it, the status of the woman becomes lower than that of the man, inferior or unqualified women are appointed, and men are driven from the profession.  Only when there is equality of pay can there be security that the best candidate will be appointed, irrespective of sex.

The following table taken from the latest returns of the Board of Education contrasts the number of women and men employed in the elementary schools of England, and the number of women and men employed in the better paid higher elementary schools of the country, for the year 1910-11.

Higher
Elementary    Elementary
Schools      Schools.

No. of Head Teachers (certificated)   Men   :    12,477   :    36
"      "      "           "          Women :    16,648   :     4
"  Assistant  "           "          Men   :    18,659   :   161
"             "           "          Women :    46,881   :   117
"             "     (uncertificated) Men   :     5,091   :     4
"             "           "          Women :    34,910   :     2

An examination of statistics with regard to the salaries of teachers in England, taken from the same returns, year 1910-11, shows that—­

I. Average salaries (Elementary Schools) were:—­
L     s.   d. 
Head Teachers      (Certificated)     Men        176     3   11
"     "                "            Women      122    18    1
"     "          (uncertificated)   Men         94     8    0
"     "                "            Women       68     3    5
Assistant Teachers (certificated)     Men        127     9   11
"        "           "            Women       92     8    6
"        "     (uncertificated)   Men         65     2   11
"        "           "            Women       54    14    1

II. (1) 67.93 per cent. of the certificated head masters receive less than L200 per annum.

(2) 93.9 per cent. of the certificated head mistresses receive less than L200 per annum.

(3) 93.38 per cent. of the certificated assistant masters receive less than L200 per annum.

(4) 97.73 per cent. of the certificated assistant mistresses receive less than L150 per annum.

III.  The salaries of certificated teachers (England) were:—­

Head Teachers.    Assistant Teachers. 
Men.   Women.       Men.      Women. 
Under  L50                     1       2         2        352
Totals L50 and under L100    394   4,967     3,838     29,915
"   100  "    "    150  4,506   8,032     9,933     15,548
"   150  "    "    200  3,575   2,631     3,651      1,065
"   200  "    "    250  2,395     742     1,235          1
"   250  "    "    300    963     209      ——­       ——­