[81:] Brunetti:  Cod.  Diplom.  Toscan.  No. 8, a. 715.  A priest named Gunthram says:  “Nec cumquam ab episcopum Senensem coridicionem habuimus, nisi, si de seculares causas nobis oppressio fiebat, veniebamus ad judicem Senensem, eo quod in ejus territorio sedebamus.”

[82:] Brunetti:  Cod.  Diplom.  Toscan.  No, 8, a. 715.  Germanus, a deacon, says:  “Quoniam prelectus a plebe, cum epistola Warnefried [the Gastald of Siena] rogaturus ambulavi ad Luperceanum Aretine Ecclesie Episcopum et per eum consecratus sum.”

[83:] For example see a judgment of the year 771, in the Archivio of Lucca.  For which vid. Muratori:  Ant.  Ital.  Diss.  LXX., Tom.  III., P. II., p. 184.

[84:] Good illustrations of all these statements are to be found in two documents in the Archivio Archivescovile of Lucca, of about the year 813.  Vid. Muratori:  Ant.  Ital.  Diss.  LXX., Tom.  III., Parte II., p. 184.

[85:] Codex Carolinus—­Adriani I., Epist.  Nos.  LV., LXXIX., LXXII., L.

[86:] Ermoldi Nigelli:  Poema.  V. Muratori:  Script.  Rer.  Ital., Tom.  II., Pars II.

[87:] Muratori:  Ant.  Ital.  Diss, LXX., Vol.  III., Parte II., p. 188.

[88:] Pertz:  Monum.  German., Tom.  IV., p. 176.

[89:] It is true that Muratori (Script.  Rer.  Ital., Tom.  I., Pars II., p. 192) publishes a diploma to the monastery of Novantulanum, near Modena, purporting to be by Aistulf and of the year 753; and (in Ant.  Ital.  Diss.  LXXI., Vol.  III., P. II., p. 256) another by Desiderius to the monastery of Santa Giulia di Brescia, which seems to grant exemption and protection if not privilege.  But in the first the formula employed is so exactly similar to that of the later Frankish documents issued for the same purpose, as immediately to excite suspicion; and in the second, Muratori himself finds something radically wrong with the chronology.

[90:] An even better example can be found among Charlemagne’s diplomas, by referring to one granted by him to the church of Reggio, and published by Ughelli:  Italia Sacra, Tom.  V., Appendice.

[91:] See a charter given by Lothaire to Pietro, bishop of Arezzo in 843, the year of the Treaty of Verdun, v. Muratori:  Ant.  Ital.  Diss.  LXX., Vol.  III., Parte II., p. 196.

[92:] See a law of Lewis II. of 855, made in the Diet of Pavia. v. Muratori:  Script.  Rer.  Ital., Tom I., P. II. (added to Leg.  Lomb.).

[93:] Certain “dona,” however, supposed to be voluntary, were always excepted.  See a diploma of Louis of the year 854 to the monastery of St. Gall in Germany, where it describes the usual “dona” for all monasteries as “Caballi duo cum scuteis et lanceis.” v. Muratori:  Ant.  Ital.  Diss.  LXX., Vol.  II., Part II., p. 204.

[94:] See a privilegium given by him in the year 877 to the nuns of the Posterla, Sta.  Teodata at Pavia. v. Ughelli:  Italia Sacra, Tom.  V.