cattle, as witness the Aegean Sea, which is called after the Greek name for goat [Greek:  aigeos], and Mount Taurus in Syria after the bull, and Mount Cantherius in the Sabine country after the horse, and the Thracian, as well as the Cimmerian, Bosphorus, after the ox:  and again many place names on land like the town in Greece known as [Greek:  hippion Argos], or horse breeding Argos.  Yea, Italy itself derives its name, according to Piso, from vitula, our word for heifer.

“Who can deny that the Roman people themselves are sprung from a race of shepherds, for every one knows that Faustulus, the foster father of Romulus and Remus, who brought them up, was a shepherd.  Is it not proof that they were shepherds that they chose the Parilia, or feast of the goddess of the shepherds, in preference to all other days, for the founding of the city; that a penalty even to this day is assessed in terms of cattle or sheep, according to the ancient custom; that our most ancient money, the as of cast copper, always bore the effigy of some domestic animal; that whenever a town was founded the limits of the walls and the gates were laid off with a plough drawn by a bull and a cow yoked together; that when the Roman people are purified it is done by driving around them a boar, a ram and a bull, whence the sacrifice is known as the Suovetaurilia; that we have many family names among us derived from both the great and small cattle:  thus from small cattle Porcius, Ovinius, Caprilius, and from great cattle Equitius, Taurius, and some of our families have received from cattle cognomens which signify for what they are esteemed, as, for instance, the Annius family are called Capra, the Statilius family are called Taurus and the Pomponius family are called Vitulus, and so many others are derived from cattle.

“It remains now to discuss the art of animal husbandry, and on this subject our friend Scrofa, to whom this age has awarded the palm for excellence in all branches of farm management, will say what ever is to be said, as he is better qualified than am I.”

When all eyes had been turned upon him, Scrofa began: 

“Doubtless the art of breeding and of feeding cattle consists in getting the maximum profit out of those things from which the very name of money is derived, for our word for money (pecunia) comes from pecus, cattle, which is the foundation of all wealth.

“Our enquiry may be divided into nine subjects, or three parts each with three subdivisions, namely:  (i) concerning small cattle, of which the three kinds are sheep, goats and swine:  (2) concerning large cattle, which are likewise divided by nature into three species, neat cattle, asses and horses:  and (3) concerning those instruments of animal husbandry which are not kept for profit but for convenience, namely:  mules, dogs and shepherds.  Each of these nine subjects must be considered under nine heads:  (a) four relating to the acquisition of cattle, (b) four to the care of them, and (c) one which has to do with all the others.  So there are at least eighty-one chapters for discussion of the subject, all indispensable and all of great importance.