[Footnote 142:  Mules were employed in antiquity from the earliest times.  In Homer they were used for drawing wagons:  thus Nausicaa drove a mule team to haul out the family wash, and Priam made his visit to Achilles in a mule litter.  Homer professes to prefer mules to oxen for ploughing.  There were mule races at the Greek games.  Aristotle (Rhetoric, III, 2) tells an amusing story of Simonides, who, when the victor in the mule race offered him only a poor fee, refused to compose an ode, pretending to be shocked at the idea of writing about “semi-asses,” but, on receipt of a proper fee, he wrote the ode beginning:  “Hail, daughters of storm-footed mares,” although they were equally daughters of the asses.]

[Footnote 143:  The breed of Maremma sheep dogs, still preferred in Italy, is white.  He is doubtless the descendant of the large woolly “Spitz” or Pomeranian wolf dog which is figured on Etruscan coins.]

[Footnote 144:  In his essay,_Notre ami le chien_, Maeterlinck maintains eloquently that the dog alone among the domestic animals has given his confidence and friendship to man.  “We are alone, absolutely alone, on this chance planet:  and amid all the forms of life that surround us not one excepting the dog has made alliance with us.  A few creatures fear us, most are unaware of us, and not one loves us.  In the world of plants, we have dumb and motionless slaves:  but they serve us in spite of themselves....  The rose and the corn, had they wings, would fly at our approach, like birds.  Among the animals, we number a few servants who have submitted only through indifference, cowardice or stupidity:  the uncertain and craven horse, who responds only to pain and is attached to nothing ... the cow and the ox happy so long as they are eating and docile because for centuries they have not had a thought of their own....  I do not speak of the cat, to whom we are nothing more than a too large and uneatable prey:  the ferocious cat whose side long contempt tolerates us only as encumbering parasites in our own homes.  She at least curses us in her mysterious heart:  but all the others live beside us as they might live beside a rock or a tree.”

The effective use of this thesis in the scene of the revolt of the domestic animals in the Blue Bird will be remembered.]

[Footnote 145:  This method of securing the faithful affection of a dog is solemnly recommended, without acknowledgment to Saserna, in the seventeenth century editions of the Maison Rustique (I, 27).]

[Footnote 146:  Keil happily points out that in his book on the Latin language (VII, 31), Varro quotes the “ancient proverb” to which he here refers, viz.:  “canis caninam non est” dog doesn’t eat dog.]

[Footnote 147:  Aristotle (H.A. VI, 20) says that puppies are blind from twelve to seventeen days, depending upon the season of the year at which they are born.  Pliny (H N. VIII, 62) says from seven to twenty days, depending upon the supply of the mother’s milk.]