3.  Remote utility is quite as worthy to be thought of as immediate advantage.  Those ventures are not always most sagacious that expect a return on the morrow.  It sometimes pays to send our argosies across the seas,—­to make investments with an eye to slow but sure returns.  So it is always in the promotion of science.

4.  As it is impossible for any university to encourage with equal freedom all branches of learning, a selection must be made by enlightened governors, and that selection must depend on the requirements and deficiencies of a given people, in a given period.  There is no absolute standard of preference.  What is more important at one time or in one place may be less needed elsewhere and otherwise.

5.  Individual students cannot pursue all branches of learning, and must be allowed to select, under the guidance of those who are appointed to counsel them.  Nor can able professors be governed by routine.  Teachers and pupils must be allowed great freedom in their method of work.  Recitations, lectures, examinations, laboratories, libraries, field exercises, travel, are all legitimate means of culture.

6.  The best scholars will almost invariably be those who make special attainments on the foundation of a broad and liberal culture.

7.  The best teachers are usually those who are free, competent, and willing to make original researches in the library and the laboratory.

8.  The best investigators are usually those who have also the responsibilities of instruction, gaining thus the incitement of colleagues, the encouragement of pupils, the observation of the public.

9.  Universities should bestow their honors with a sparing hand; their benefits most freely.

10.  A university cannot be created in a day; it is a slow growth.  The University of Berlin has been quoted as a proof of the contrary.  That was indeed a quick success, but in an old, compact country, crowded with learned men eager to assemble at the Prussian court.  It was a change of base rather than a sudden development.

11.  The object of the university is to develop character—­to make men.  It misses its aim if it produces learned pedants, or simple artisans, or cunning sophists, or pretentious practitioners.  Its purport is not so much to impart knowledge to the pupils, as to whet the appetite, exhibit methods, develop powers, strengthen judgment, and invigorate the intellectual and moral forces.  It should prepare for the service of society a class of students who will be wise, thoughtful, progressive guides in whatever department of work or thought they may be engaged.

12.  Universities easily fall into ruts.  Almost every epoch requires a fresh start.

If these twelve points are conceded, our task is simplified, though it is still difficult.  It is to apply these principles to Baltimore in 1876.  We are trying to do this with no controversy as to the relative importance of letters and science, the conflicts of religion and science, or the relation of abstractions and utilities; our simple aim is to make scholars, strong, bright, useful and true.