Even from this very incomplete summary, we can see that Irish blood, brain, and brawn have been a valuable acquisition to the building of the fabric of American institutions, and that the sons of Ireland merit more prominent recognition than has been accorded them in the pages of American history.  The pharisees of history may have withheld from Ireland the credit that is her due, but, thanks to the never-failing guidance of the records, we are able to show that at all times, whether they came as voluntary exiles or were driven from their homes by the persecutions of government, her sons have had an honorable part in every upward movement in American life.  Testimony adduced from the sources from which this imperfect sketch is drawn cannot be called into question, and its perusal by those who so amusingly glorify the “Anglo-Saxon” as the founder of the American race and American institutions would have a chastening influence on their ignorance of early American history, and would reopen the long vista of the years, at the very beginning of which they would see Celt and Teuton, Saxon and Gaul, working side by side solidifying the fulcrum of the structure on which this great nation rests.

REFERENCES: 

The archives, registers, records, reports, and other official documents mentioned in the text; the various Town, County, and State Histories; the collections and publications of the following societies:  Massachusetts Historical Society, Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, New York Historical Society (34 vols.), New York Genealogical and Biographical Society (44 vols.), Maine Historical Society, Rhode Island Historical Society, Connecticut Historical Society, South Carolina Historical Society, and American Historical Society; New England Historical and Genealogical Register (67 vols., Boston, 1847-1913); New England Historical and Biographical Record; Hakluyt:  Voyages, Navigations, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation (London, 1607); Dobbs:  The Trade and Improvement of Ireland (Dublin, 1729); Hutchinson:  History of Massachusetts from the First Settlement in 1628 until 1750 (Salem, 1795); Proud:  History of Pennsylvania, 1681-1770 (Philadelphia, 1797-1798); Savage:  Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England (Boston, 1860-1862); Morris (ed.):  The Makers of New York (Philadelphia, 1895); Pope:  The Pioneers of Massachusetts (Boston, 1900), The Pioneers of Maine and New Hampshire (Boston, 1908); Richardson:  Side-lights on Maryland History (Baltimore, 1913); Spencer:  History of the United States; Ramsay:  History of the United States; Prendergast:  Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland.

THE IRISH IN CANADA

By JAMES J. WALSH, M.D., Ph.D., Litt.D., Sc.D.