It was considered unmanly for a samurai to betray his emotions on his face.  “He shows no sign of joy or anger,” was a phrase used in describing a strong character.  The most natural affections were kept under control.  A father could embrace his son only at the expense of his dignity; a husband would not kiss his wife,—­no, not in the presence of other people, whatever he might do in private!  There may be some truth in the remark of a witty youth when he said, “American husbands kiss their wives in public and beat them in private; Japanese husbands beat theirs in public and kiss them in private.”

Calmness of behavior, composure of mind, should not be disturbed by passion of any kind.  I remember when, during the late war with China, a regiment left a certain town, a large concourse of people flocked to the station to bid farewell to the general and his army.  On this occasion an American resident resorted to the place, expecting to witness loud demonstrations, as the nation itself was highly excited and there were fathers, mothers, and sweethearts of the soldiers in the crowd.  The American was strangely disappointed; for as the whistle blew and the train began to move, the hats of thousands of people were silently taken off and their heads bowed in reverential farewell; no waving of handkerchiefs, no word uttered, but deep silence in which only an attentive ear could catch a few broken sobs.  In domestic life, too, I know of a father who spent whole nights listening to the breathing of a sick child, standing behind the door that he might not be caught in such an act of parental weakness!  I know of a mother who, in her last moments, refrained from sending for her son, that he might not be disturbed in his studies.  Our history and everyday life are replete with examples of heroic matrons who can well bear comparison with some of the most touching pages of Plutarch.  Among our peasantry an Ian Maclaren would be sure to find many a Marget Howe.

It is the same discipline of self-restraint which is accountable for the absence of more frequent revivals in the Christian churches of Japan.  When a man or woman feels his or her soul stirred, the first instinct is to quietly suppress any indication of it.  In rare instances is the tongue set free by an irresistible spirit, when we have eloquence of sincerity and fervor.  It is putting a premium upon a breach of the third commandment to encourage speaking lightly of spiritual experience.  It is truly jarring to Japanese ears to hear the most sacred words, the most secret heart experiences, thrown out in promiscuous audiences.  “Dost thou feel the soil of thy soul stirred with tender thoughts?  It is time for seeds to sprout.  Disturb it not with speech; but let it work alone in quietness and secrecy,”—­writes a young samurai in his diary.

To give in so many articulate words one’s inmost thoughts and feelings—­notably the religious—­is taken among us as an unmistakable sign that they are neither very profound nor very sincere.  “Only a pomegranate is he”—­so runs a popular saying—­“who, when he gapes his mouth, displays the contents of his heart.”