(5) An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

(6) A preposition is a word that shows the relation of the substantive that follows it to some other word or words in the sentence.

(7) A conjunction is a word that connects words or groups of words used in the same way.

(8) An interjection is a cry expressing emotion, but not forming part of the sentence.

NOUNS

+21.  Classes of Nouns.+—­Nouns are divided into two general classes:  proper nouns [Esther] and common nouns [girl].

Common nouns include abstract nouns [happiness] and collective nouns [army].

Any word mentioned merely as a word is a noun:  [And is a conjunction].

+22.  Inflection.+—­A change in the form of a word to denote a change in its meaning is termed inflection.

+23.  Number.+—­The most common inflection of the noun is that which shows us whether the name denotes one or more than one.  The power of the noun to denote one or more than one is termed number.  A noun that denotes but one object is singular in number.  A noun that denotes more than one object is plural in number.

The plural number of nouns is regularly formed by adding s and es to the singular [bank, banks; box, boxes].

Other points to be noted concerning the plural of nouns are as follows:—­

1.  The irregular plural in en [child, children].

2.  Formation of the plural by internal change [goose, geese].

3.  Fourteen nouns ending in f or fe change the f or fe into yes [leaf, leaves].

4.  Nouns ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change the y to i and add es [enemy, enemies].

5.  Letters, figures, signs, etc., form their plural by adding ’s:[You have used too many i’s].

6.  Nouns taken from other languages usually form their plurals according to the laws of those languages [phenomenon, phenomena].

7.  A few nouns in our language do not change their form to denote number.
  (a) Some nouns have the same form, for both the singular and the
plural [sheep, deer].
  (b) Some nouns are used only in the plural [scissors, thanks].
  (c) Some nouns have no plurals [pride, flesh].
  (d) Some nouns, plural in form, have a singular meaning [measles,
news, politics].

8.  Compound nouns usually form their plural by pluralizing the noun part of the compound [sister-in-law, sisters-in-law].  If the words of the compound are both nouns, and are of equal importance, both are given a plural ending [manservant, menservants].  When the compound is thought of as a whole, the last part only is made plural [spoonful, spoonfuls].

9.  Proper names usually form their plurals regularly.  If they are preceded by titles, they form their plurals either by pluralizing the title or by pluralizing the name [The Misses Hunter or the Miss Hunters.  The Messrs. Keene or the two Mr. Keenes.  The Masters Burke.  The Mrs. Harrisons.]