U   _ |  U   _ |   U _| U   _  |
The sun came up || upon the left,

_   U| U   _  |    U  _ |
Out of the sea || came he;

U   _|   U    _     |   U  _|  U   _|
And he shone bright, || and on the right

U   _   |   U_ | U   _ |
Went down || into the sea

—­Coleridge.

Lives of great men || all remind us
  We can make our lives || sublime,
And, departing, || leave behind us,
  Footprints || on the sands of time.

—­Longfellow.

Read the selections on page 197 so as to indicate the position of the cesural pauses.

+113.  Scansion.+—­Scansion is the separation of a line into the feet which compose it.  In order to scan a line we must determine the rhythmic movement of it.  The rhythmic movement determines the accented syllables.  Sometimes in scanning, merely the accented syllables are marked.  Usually the whole metrical scheme is indicated, as in the examples on page 199.

EXERCISE

Scan the following selections.  Note substitutions and elusions.

1.

The night has a thousand eyes,
  And the day but one;
Yet the light of the bright world dies
  With the dying sun. 
The mind has a thousand eyes,
  And the heart but one;
Yet the light of a whole life dies
  When love is gone.

—­Francis W. Bourdillon.

2.

Laugh, and the world laughs with you,
Weep, and you weep alone;
For the sad old earth must borrow its mirth,
But has trouble enough of its own.

—­Ella Wheeler Wilcox.

3.

Hear the robin in the rain,
Not a note does he complain. 
But he fills the storm refrain
With music of his own.

—­Charles Coke Woode.

4.

The mistletoe hung in the castle hall,
The holly branch shone on the old back wall
And the baron’s retainers are blithe and gay,
And keeping their Christmas holiday.

—­Thomas Haynes Bagley.

+114.  Rhyme.+—­Rhyme is a regular recurrence of similar sounds.  In a broad sense, it may include sounds either terminal or not, but as here used it refers to terminal sounds.

Just as we expect a recurrence of accent in a line, so may we expect a recurrence of similar sounds at the end of certain lines of poetry.  The interval between the rhymes may be of different lengths in different poems, but when the interval is once established, it should be followed throughout the poem.  A rhyme out of place jars upon the rhythmic perfection of a stanza just as an accent out of place interferes with the rhythm of the verse.

Not only should the rhymes occur at expected places, but they should be the expected rhymes; that is, real rhymes.  If we are expecting a word which will rhyme with blossom and find bosom, or if we are expecting a rhyme for breath and find beneath, the effect is unpleasant.  The rhymes named above are based on spelling, while a real rhyme is based on sound.  A correct rhyme should have precisely the same vowel sounds and the final consonants should be the same, but the initial consonant should be different.  For example:  death, breath; home, roam; tongue, young; debating, relating.