coarse neighbors, both white and black, yea, everything coarse, down to the coarse, ignorant, senseless religion, which excites her sensibilities and starts her passions, go to make up the life of the masses of black women in the hamlets and villages of the South.  This is the state of black womanhood.

“And now look at the vastness of this degradation.  If I had been speaking of the population of a city, or town, or even a village, the tale would be a sad and melancholy one.  But I have brought before you the condition of millions of women.  And when you think that the masses of these women live in the rural districts; that they grow up in rudeness and ignorance; that their former masters are using few means to break up their hereditary degradation, you can easily take in the pitiful condition of this population and forecast the inevitable future to multitudes of females, unless a mighty special effort is made for the improvement of the black womanhood of the South.

“I am anxious for a permanent and uplifting civilization to be engrafted on the Negro race in this land.  And this can only be secured through the womanhood of a race.  If you want the civilization of a people to reach the very best elements of their being, and then, having reached them, there to abide as an indigenous principle, you must imbue the womanhood of that people with all its elements and qualities.  Any movement which passes by the female sex is an ephemeral thing.  Without them, no true nationality, patriotism, religion, cultivation, family life, or true social status, is a possibility.  In this matter it takes two to make one—­mankind is a duality.  The male may bring, as an exotic, a foreign graft, say, of civilization, to a new people.  But what then!  Can a graft live or thrive of itself?  By no manner of means.  It must get vitality from the stock into which it is put; and it is the women who give the sap to every human organization which thrives and flourishes on earth.

“I plead, therefore, for the establishment of at least one large ‘Industrial school’ in every Southern State for the black girls of the South.  I ask for the establishment of schools which may serve specially the home life of the rising womanhood of my race.

  “I want boarding schools for the industrial training of one hundred
  and fifty or two hundred of the poorest girls, of the ages of
  twelve to eighteen years.

  “I wish the intellectual training to be limited to reading,
  writing, arithmetic and geography.

“I would have these girls taught to do accurately all domestic work, such as sweeping floors, dusting rooms, scrubbing, bed-making, washing and ironing, sewing, mending and knitting. {107}

  “I would have the trades of dress-making, millinery, straw-plating,
  tailoring for men, and such like, taught them.