ordered his arrest and trial for being in favour of the autonomy of the United States in the Philippine Islands.  He was tried promptly, the prosecuting witness being another officer of Luna’s staff who had accompanied him to Manila and acted as a spy upon his movements (P.I.R., 285. 2).  The court sentenced him to dismissal and confinement at hard labor for twelve years.  This did not satisfy Luna’s thirst for vengeance, and he was imprisoned in Bautista on the first floor of a building whose second story was occupied by that officer.  One night Luna came alone into the room where he was confined and told him that although he was a traitor, yet he had done good service to the cause; and it was not proper that a man who had been a colonel in the army should be seen working on the roads under a guard.  He told him that the proper thing for him to do was to blow his brains out, and that if he did not do it within a reasonable time the sentinel at his door would shoot him.  He gave him a pistol and left the room.  Arguelles decided not to kill himself, but fully expected that the guard would kill him.  Shortly afterwards Luna was summoned to meet Aguinaldo, and never returned.  On September 29, 1899, his sentence was declared null and void and he was reinstated in his former rank (P.I.R., 285. 3, and 2030. 2).” [448]

Colonel Arguelles has told me exactly the same story.  For a time it seemed as if the views expressed by him might prevail.

“According to Felipe Buencamino and some others, the majority of the members of congress had been in favour of absolute independence until they saw the demoralization of the officers and soldiers which resulted in the American occupation of Malolos.  In the middle of April, 1899, they remembered Arellano’s advice, and all of the intelligent men in Aguinaldo’s government, except Antonio Luna and the officers who had no desire to lay down their military rank, decided to accept the sovereignty of the United States.  At about the same time copies of the proclamation issued by the American Commission in Manila reached them and still further influenced them toward the adoption of this purpose.  By the time congress met in San Isidro on May 1, 1899, all of the members had accepted it except a few partisans of Mabini, then president of the council of government.  At its first meeting the congress resolved to change the policy of war with the United States to one of peace, and this change of policy in congress led to the fall of Mabini and his succession by Paterno.  The first act of the new council was the appointment of a commission headed by Felipe Buencamino which was to go to Manila and there negotiate with the American authorities for an honourable surrender.” [449]

“Although Mabini had fallen from power, Luna and his powerful faction had still to be reckoned with.  He was less moderate than Mabini, and had armed adherents, which Mabini did not, and when Paterno declared his policy of moderation and diplomacy he answered it on the day the new council of government was proclaimed by an order that all foreigners living in the Philippines except Chinese and Spaniards, should leave for Manila within forty-eight hours.” [450]