was good and was forthwith spread abroad in “Extracts from our correspondence with America,” “News from our foreign agents,” “News from America,” and “Translations from the foreign press”—­circulars and handbills printed on thin paper which were smuggled into the Philippines and passed into the hands of the guerrilla leaders who could read Spanish.  They gathered their followers about them and told them that a powerful party had arisen in America which was going to give them all they had ever asked for.  They had only to fight on, for success was certain.  In America the “Anti-imperialists” were hanging the “Imperialists,” and they should continue to harry the American adherents among the natives of the Philippines.

“’There are a number of these publications among the papers captured from the insurgents, and the adoption of this method of propaganda seems to have been nearly coincident with Aguinaldo’s orders declaring guerrilla warfare.  It does not seem likely that the matter contained in them was supplied by a Filipino, for if it was he assumed a general acquaintance among the people with American politics and American methods which they were far from possessing.

“’In these publications the Filipinos were assured that the Imperialists were kept in power only by the lavish contributions of the “truts,” whatever they may have been; but the people of the United States were growing weary of their domination and were about to return to the true principles of Washington and Jefferson.  The illustrious Americans “Crosvy Sticcney, and Vartridge” were all laboring for the cause of Philippine independence.  Long lists of American cities were given in which the illustrious orators Mr. Croshy and Mr. Schurts had addressed applauding crowds upon the necessity of throttling the “truts” because they opposed recognition of the rights of the Filipinos.  In August, 1900, “News from our agents in America” informed its readers that—­

“’"W.  J. Bryan has stated in a speech that his first act upon being elected President will be to declare the independence of the Philippines.”

“’On June 16, 1900, Gen. Riego de Dios, acting head of the Hongkong junta, wrote to Gen. I. Torres (P.I.R., 530), the guerrilla commander in Bulacan Province, and assured him that a little more endurance, a little more constancy, was all that was needed to secure the attainment of their ends.  According to their advices the Democratic party would win in the approaching elections in the United States, and—­“it is certain that Bryan is the incarnation of our independence.”

“’The number of men opposed to the policy of the administration was said to be continually increasing.