8.  Dio in 5th Book:  “The lords filling them with hope on certain points.” (Ib. p.140, 10.)

9.  Dio in 5th Book:  “With this accordingly he honored him.” (Ib. p.175, 19.)

[Frag.  XV]

¶To a large extent success consists in planning secretly, acting at the opportune moment, following one’s own counsel somewhat, and in having no chance to fall back upon any one else, but being obliged to take upon one’s self the responsibility for the issue, however it turns out. [Footnote:  Fragment XV may perhaps be a comment on dictatorships.] (Mai, p.142.)

[Frag.  XVI]

1.  They had recourse to civil strife.  And the reason is plain.  Those whose money gave them influence desired to surpass their inferiors in all respects as though they were their sovereigns, and the weaker citizens, sure of their own equal rights, were unwilling to obey them even in some small point.  The one class, insatiate of freedom, sought to enjoy the property of the other; and this other, uncontrolled in its pride of place, to enjoy the fruits of the former’s labors.  So it was that they sundered their former relations, wherein they were wont harmoniously to assist each other with mutual profit, and no longer made distinctions between foreign and native races.  Indeed, both disdained moderation, and the one class set its heart upon an extreme of dominion, the other upon an extreme of resistance to voluntary servitude; consequently they missed the results accomplished by their previous allied efforts and inflicted many striking injuries, partly in defence against each other’s movements and partly by way of anticipating them.  More than all the rest of mankind they were at variance save in the midst of particularly threatening dangers that they incurred in the course of successive wars,—­wars due chiefly to their own dissensions; and for the sake of the respite many prominent men on several occasions brought on these conflicts purposely.  This, then, was the beginning of their suffering more harm from each other than from outside nations.  And the complexion of their difficulties inspires me to pronounce that it was impossible that they should be deprived of either their power or their sway, unless they should lose it through their own contentions. (Mai, ib.)

2.  They were especially irritated that the senators were not of the same mind after obtaining something from them as they were while requesting it, but after making them numbers of great promises while in the midst of danger failed to perform the slightest one of them when safety had been secured. (Mai, p.143.)

3.  So to the end that they might not fight in a compact mass, but each division struggle separately for its own position and so become easier to handle, they divided the army. [Footnote:  Cp.  Livy, II, 30.] (Ib.)