FISCHER, CLARA ELIZABETH. Born in Berlin, 1856.  Studied under Biermann six years, and later under Julius Jacob.  Her pictures are portraits and genre subjects.  Among the latter are “What Will Become of the Child?” 1886; “Orphaned,” “In the Punishment Corner,” and “Morning Devotion.”

FISCHER, HELENE VON. Born in Bremen, 1843.  She first studied under a woman portrait painter in Berlin; later she was a pupil of Frische in Duesseldorf, of Robie in Brussels, and of Hertel and Skarbina in Berlin.

She makes a specialty of flowers, fruit, and still-life; her fruit and flower pieces are beautiful, and her pictures of the victims of the chase are excellent.

FLESCH-BRUNNENGEN, LUMA VON. Born in Bruenn in 1856.  In Vienna she worked under Schoener, the interpreter of Venetian and Oriental life, and later in Munich she acquired technical facility under Frithjof Smith.  Travels in Italy, France, and Northern Africa furnished many of her themes—­mostly interiors with figures, in which the entering light is skilfully managed.  “The Embroiderers,” showing three characteristic figures, who watch the first attempt of their seriously earnest pupil, is full of humor.  In sharp contrast to this is a “Madonna under the Cross,” exhibited at Berlin in 1895, in which the mother’s anguish is most sympathetically rendered.  “Devotion,” “Shelterless,” and the “Kitchen Garden” are among the paintings which have won her an excellent reputation as a genre painter.

FLEURY, MME. FANNY.

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FOCCA, SIGNORA ITALIA ZANARDELLI. Silver medal at Munich, 1893; diploma of gold medal at Women’s Exhibition, London, 1900.  Member of Societa Amatorie Pittori di Belle Arti, of the Unione degli Artisti, and of the Societa Cooperativa, all in Rome.

Born in Padua, 1872.  Pupil of Ottin in Paris, and of the Academy of Fine
Arts in Rome.

The principal works of this sculptor are a “Bacchante,” now in St. Petersburg; “Najade,” sold in London; “The Virgin Mother,” purchased by Cavaliere Alinari of Florence; portrait of the Minister Merlo, which was ordered by the Ministry of Public Instruction.  Many other less important works are in various Italian and foreign cities.

Signora Focca is a professor of drawing in the Normal Schools of Rome.

FOLEY, MARGARET E. A native of New Hampshire.  Died in 1877.  Without a master, in the quiet of a country village, Miss Foley modelled busts in chalk and carved small figures in wood.  At length she made some reputation in Boston, where she cut portraits and ideal heads in cameo.  She went to Rome and remained there.  She became an intimate friend of Mr. and Mrs. Howitt, and died at their summer home in the Austrian Tyrol.

Among her works are busts of Theodore Parker, Charles Sumner, and others; medallions of William and Mary Howitt, Longfellow, and Bryant; and several ideal statues and bas-reliefs.