lift, the heavy weighted dishes have to be conveyed down, the emptied and lighter dishes upstairs.  The hot water from the kitchen boiler is distributed easily by conducting pipes into the lower rooms, so that in every room and bedroom hot and cold water can at all times be obtained for washing or cleaning purposes; and as on every floor there is a sink for receiving waste water, the carrying of heavy pails from floor to floor is not required.  The scullery, which is by the side of the kitchen, is provided with a copper and all the appliances for laundry work; and when the laundry work is done at home the open place on the roof above makes an excellent drying ground.

In the wall of the scullery is the upper opening to the dust-bin shaft.  This shaft, open to the air from the roof, extends to the bin under the basement of the house.  A sliding door in the wall opens into the shaft to receive the dust, and this plan is carried out on every floor.  The coal-bin is off the scullery, and is ventilated into the air through a separate shaft, which also passes through the roof.

On the landing in the second or middle stories of the three-storied houses there is a bathroom, supplied with hot and cold water from the kitchen above.  The floor of the kitchen and of all the upper stories is slightly raised in the centre, and is of smooth, grey tile; the floor of the bath-room is the same.  In the living-rooms, where the floors are of wood, a true oak margin of floor extends two feet around each room.  Over this no carpet is ever laid.  It is kept bright and clean by the old-fashioned bees’-wax and turpentine, and the air is made fresh and is ozonised by the process.

Considering that a third part of the life of man is, or should be, spent in sleep, great care is taken with the bed-rooms, so that they shall be thoroughly lighted, roomy, and ventilated.  Twelve hundred cubic feet of space is allowed for each sleeper, and from the sleeping apartments all unnecessary articles of furniture and of dress are rigorously excluded.  Old clothes, old shoes, and other offensive articles of the same order, are never permitted to have residence there.  In most instances the rooms on the first floor are made the bed-rooms, and the lower the living-rooms.  In the larger houses bed-rooms are carried out in the upper floor for the use of the domestics.

To facilitate communication between the kitchen and the entrance-hall, so that articles of food, fuel, and the like may be carried up, a shaft runs in the partition between two houses, and carries a basket lift in all houses that are above two stories high.  Every heavy thing to and from the kitchen is thus carried up and down from floor to floor and from the top to the basement, and much unnecessary labour is thereby saved.  In the two-storied houses the lift is unnecessary.  A flight of outer steps leads to the upper or kitchen floor.