It has been generally believed that mind has its seat in the brain and the nervous system.  Later investigations, however, seem to show that it is the product of the whole physical organism.  There is no chance to measure or weigh or still less assay the qualities of the machine.  It is certain that the quality of the mind depends very little upon either the contour or size of the skull.

About all that can be learned of the mind and the character of the man must be gathered from the manifestation of the machine.  It is shown by his behavior in action and reaction.  This behavior is caused by the capture, storage and release of energy through the ductless glands.

A defective mechanism either inherited or acquired through imperfectly balanced glands will inevitably produce an imperfect mind and defective conduct.  This it will be bound to do because the body is the mind.

As a matter of fact, no man is branded physically with the “mark of Cain.”  If criminology were so simple it would not be difficult to handle.  The manifestations of the human machine are infinite and only patience and careful study can find the points of weakness and of strength.  That all brains and bodies have both is beyond dispute.  No physical human structure was ever put together where the organs were equally strong to do the work assigned to them.  Some part of the body always needs watchfulness and repair and can never be depended upon in emergencies.  In times of overstress and strain, the defective organ or organs will manifest their weakness.  The intricate nervous system and the brain, the unseen instincts and emotions likewise do not work perfectly; but as a rule the ones that underwork or overwork cannot be seen by a physical examination.  It generally requires great subtlety to find them, and careful treatment and environment to make the machine work fairly well in spite of these imperfections.  This could be provided; in most cases the machine could be placed in an environment where it would work fairly well; but instead of this all the effort that is made to keep the machine in shape is a threat of the jail if it goes wrong; it is then left to run itself without help or assistance of any kind.

While examinations of the head do not show marked differences between prisoners and others, a great distinction is seen between the general proportion and the degrees of nourishment of prisoners and those not accused of crime.  Nothing is more common than the weak and underfed condition of the delinquent and the criminal.  This needs no expert examination.  It is obvious to all.  The poor, scanty clothes and personal belongings corroborate the fact that the accused is poor and has not enough to eat or wear, nor anything but the most scanty shelter.  In addition to these facts, he is almost always ill.  A report recently published, based on investigations by a special committee of the New York State Commission of Prisons, shows that in the New York Reformatory