The fortress, here represented to be in the Tyrol, is about 220 miles distant ("as the crow flies”) from the nearest point in that district, and is the Castle of Trifels, which still crowns the highest of three rocky eminences (Treyfels = Three Rocks), which rise from the mountain range of the Vosges, on the southern side of the town of Annweiler.  In proceeding from Landau to Zweibruecken (Deux-Ponts), the traveller may see it on his left.  The keep is still in good preservation; and it was on account of the natural strength of its position that the imperial crown-jewels were formerly preserved in it.

I am unable to refer at present to the MS. of Oxenedes (Cotton, Nero, D 2), which appears to give the erroneous reading of Tirualli for Triualli or Trivalli; but Mr. Turner might have avoided the mistake by comparing that MS. with the printed text of Hoveden, in which Richard is represented as dating his letter “de Castello de Triuellis, in quo detinebamur.”

II.—­Wright’s S.  Patrick’s Purgatory (Lond. 1844. 8vo.), p. 135.: 

“On the patent rolls in the Tower of London, under the year 1358, we have an instance of testimonials given by the king (Edward III.) on the same day, to two distinguished foreigners, one a noble Hungarian, the other a Lombard, Nicholas de Beccariis, of their having faithfully performed this pilgrimage.”

In a note on this passage, Mr. Wright reprints one of the testimonials from Rymer (Foedera, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 174.), in which is the following passage: 

  “Nobilis vir Malatesta Ungarus de Arminio miles.”

In the original deed, the text must have been de Arimino (of Rimini); for the person here referred to was a natural son of Malatesta de’ Malatesti, Lord of Rimini and of Pesaro, and took the name of L’Ungaro in consequence of his having been knighted by Louis, King of Hungary, when the latter passed through the Malatesta territory, when he was going to Naples for the purpose of avenging his brother Andrew’s death.  In the Italian account of the family (Clementini, Raccolto Istorico della Fondazione di Rimino.  Rimino, 1617-27. 2 vols. 4to.), L’Ungario is said have been a great traveller, to have visited England, and to have died in 1372, at the age of 45. (See also Sansovino, Origine e Fatti delle Famiglie Illustri d’Italia.  Venetia, 1670. 4to. p. 356.)

F.C.B.

* * * * *

DIRECT AND INDIRECT ETYMOLOGY.

I have just been exceedingly interested in reading a lecture on the Origin and Progress of the English Language, delivered at the Athenaeum, Durham, before the Teachers’ Society of the North of England, by W. Finley, Graduate of the University of France.

The following passage well expresses a caution that should be always kept in mind by the literary archaeologist: