in Poitou, in Languedoc, in Orleanness, and in Touraine, a great number of towns and districts joined in the determination of the royal army.  The last instance of such adherence had a special importance.  At the time of Henry iii.’s rupture with the League, the Parliament of Paris had been split in two; the royalists had followed the king to Tours, the partisans of the League had remained at Paris.  After the accession of Henry iv., the Parliament of Tours, with the president, Achille de Harlay, as its head, increased from day to day, and soon reached two hundred members, whilst the Parliament of Paris, or Brisson Parliament, as it was called from its leader’s name, had only sixty-eight left.  Brisson, on undertaking the post, actually thought it right to take the precaution of protesting privately, making a declaration in the presence of notaries “that he so acted by constraint only, and that he shrank from any rebellion against his king and sovereign lord.”  It was, indeed, on the ground of the heredity of the monarchy and by virtue of his own proper rights that Henry iv. had ascended the throne; and M. Poirson says quite correctly, in his learned Histoire du Regne d’Henri IV. [t. i. p. 29, second edition, 1862], “The manifesto of Henry iv., as its very name indicates, was not a contract settled between the noblesse in camp at St. Cloud and the claimant; it was a solemn and reciprocal acknowledgment by the noblesse of Henry’s rights to the crown, and by Henry of the nation’s political, civil, and religious rights.  The engagements entered into by Henry were only what were necessary to complete the guarantees given for the security of the rights of Catholics.  As touching the succession to the throne, the signataries themselves say that all they do is to maintain and continue the law of the land.”

There was, in 1589, an unlawful pretender to the throne of France; and that was Cardinal Charles de Bourbon, younger brother of Anthony de Bourbon, King of Navarre, and consequently uncle of Henry iv., sole representative of the elder branch.  Under Henry iii., the cardinal had thrown in his lot with the League; and, after the murder of Guise, Henry iii. had, by way of precaution, ordered him to be arrested and detained him in confinement at Chinon, where he still was when Henry iii. was in his turn murdered.  On becoming king, the far-sighted Henry iv. at once bethought him of his uncle and of what he might be able to do against him.  The cardinal was at Chinon, in the custody of Sieur de Chavigny, “a man of proved fidelity,” says De Thou, “but by this time old and blind.”  Henry iv. wrote to Du Plessis-Mornay, appointed quite recently governor of Saumur, “bidding him, at any price,” says Madame de Mornay, “to get Cardinal de Bourbon away from Chinon, where he was, without sparing anything, even to the whole of his property, because he would incontinently set himself up for king if he could obtain