to meet him, went in person to receive him at Chatellerault, and gave him entertainments at Amboise, at Blois, at Chambord, at Orleans, and Fontainebleau, and lastly at Paris, which they entered together on the 1st of January, 1540.  Orders had been sent everywhere to receive him “as kings of France are received on their joyous accession.”  “The king gave his guest,” says Du Bellay, “all the pleasures that can be invented, as royal hunts, tourneys, skirmishes, fights a-foot and a-horseback, and in all other sorts of pastimes.”  Some petty incidents, of a less reassuring kind, were intermingled with these entertainments.  One day the Duke of Orleans, a young prince full of reckless gayety, jumped suddenly on to the crupper of the emperor’s horse, and threw his arms round Charles, shouting, “Your Imperial Majesty is my prisoner.”  Charles set off at a gallop, without turning his head.

[Illustration:  The Duke of Orleans and Charles V.——­128]

Another day the king’s favorite, the Duchess of Etampes, was present with the two monarchs.  “Brother,” said Francis, “you see yonder a fair dame who is of opinion that I should not let you out of Paris without your having revoked the treaty of Madrid.”  “Ah! well,” said Charles, “if the opinion is a good one, it must be followed.”  Such freedom of thought and speech is honorable to both sovereigns.  Charles V., impressed with the wealth and cheerful industry that met his eye, said, according to Brantome, “There is not in the world any greatness such as that of a King of France.”  After having passed a week at Paris he started for the Low Countries, halted at Chantilly, at the Constable de Montmorency’s, who, as well as the king’s two sons, the dauphin and the Duke of Orleans, was in attendance upon him, and did not separate from his escort of French royalty until he arrived at Valenciennes, the first town in his Flemish dominions.  According to some historians there had been at Chantilly, amongst the two young princes and their servants, some idea of seizing the emperor and detaining him until he had consented to the concessions demanded of him; others merely say that the constable, before leaving him, was very urgent with him that he should enter into some positive engagement as to Milaness.  “No,” said Charles, “I must not bind myself any more than I have done by my words as long as I am in your power; when I have chastised my rebellious subjects I will content your king.”

He did chastise, severely, his Flemish subjects, but he did not content the King of France.  Francis I. was not willing to positively renounce his Italian conquests, and Charles V. was not willing to really give them up to him.  Milaness was still, in Italy, the principal object of their mutual ambition.  Navarre, in the south-east of France, and the Low Countries in the north, gave occasion for incessantly renewed disputes between them.  The two sovereigns sought for combinations which would allow them to