faithfully the depravity and infamy of their models.”  The evil amounted to something graver than a disturbance of court-fashions.  Robert had by Constance three sons, Hugh, Henry, and Robert.  First the eldest, and afterwards his two brothers, maddened by the bad character and tyrannical exactions of their mother, left the palace, and withdrew to Dreux and Burgundy, abandoning themselves, in the royal domains and the neighborhood, to all kinds of depredations and excesses.  Reconciliation was not without great difficulty effected; and, indeed, peace was never really restored in the royal family.  Peace was everywhere the wish and study of King Robert; but he succeeded better in maintaining it with his neighbors than with his children.  In 1006, he was on the point of having a quarrel with Henry II., emperor of Germany, who was more active and enterprising, but fortunately not less pious, than himself.  The two sovereigns resolved to have an interview at the Meuse, the boundary of their dominions.  “The question amongst their respective followings was, which of the two should cross the river to seek audience on the other bank, that is, in the other’s dominions; this would be a humiliation, it was said.  The two learned princes remembered this saying of Eclesiasticus:  ’The greater thou art, the humbler be thou in all things.’  The emperor, therefore, rose up early in the morning, and crossed, with some of his people, into the French king’s territory.  They embraced with cordiality; the bishops, as was proper, celebrated the sacrament of the mass, and they afterwards sat down to dinner.  When the meal was over, King Robert offered Henry immense presents of gold and silver and precious stones, and a hundred horses richly caparisoned, each carrying a cuirass and a helmet; and he added that all that the emperor did not accept of these gifts would be so much deducted from their friendship.  Henry, seeing the generosity of his friend, took of the whole only a book containing the Holy Gospel, set with gold and precious stones, and a golden amulet, wherein was a tooth of St. Vincent, priest and martyr.  The empress, likewise, accepted only two golden cups.  Next day, King Robert crossed with his bishops into the territories of the emperor, who received him magnificently, and, after dinner, offered him a hundred pounds of pure gold.  The king, in his turn, accepted only two golden cups; and, after having ratified their pact of friendship, they returned each to his own dominions.”

[Illustration:  NOTRE DAME——­310]

Let us add to this summary of Robert’s reign some facts which are characteristic of the epoch.  In A.D. 1000, in consequence of the sense attached to certain words in the Sacred Books, many Christians expected the end of the world.  The time of expectation was full of anxieties; plagues, famines, and divers accidents which then took place in divers quarters, were an additional aggravation; the churches were crowded;