that make the early statements of the additions to the Kentucky population so very untrustworthy.  In 1783, at the end of the Revolution, the population of Kentucky was probably nearer 12,000 than 20,000, and it had grown steadily each year.  Yet Butler quotes Floyd as saying that in the spring of 1780 three hundred large family boats arrived at the Falls, which would mean an increase of perhaps four or five thousand people; and in the McAfee MSS. occurs the statement that in 1779 and 1780 nearly 20,000 people came to Kentucky.  Both of these statements are probably mere estimates, greatly exaggerated; any westerner of to-day can instance similar reports of movements to western localities, which under a strict census dwindled wofully.] Thus there were ever two tides—­the larger setting towards Kentucky, the lesser towards the old States; so that the two streams passed each other on the Wilderness road—­for the people who came down the Ohio could not return against the current.  Very many who did not return nevertheless found they were not fitted to grapple with the stern trials of existence on the border.  Some of these succumbed outright; others unfortunately survived, and clung with feeble and vicious helplessness to the skirts of their manlier fellows; and from them have descended the shiftless squatters, the “mean whites,” the listless, uncouth men who half-till their patches of poor soil, and still cumber the earth in out-of-the-way nooks from the crannies of the Alleghanies to the canyons of the southern Rocky Mountains.

In April, before this great rush of immigration began, but when it was clearly foreseen that it would immediately take place, the county court of Kentucky issued a proclamation to the new settlers, recommending them to keep as united and compact as possible, settling in “stations” or forted towns; and likewise advising each settlement to choose three or more trustees to take charge of their public affairs. [Footnote:  Durrett MSS., in the bound volume of “Papers relating to Louisville and Kentucky.”  On May 1, 1780, the people living at the Falls, having established a town, forty-six of them signed a petition to have their title made good against Conolly.  On Feb. 7, 1781, John Todd and five other trustees of Louisville met; they passed resolutions to erect a grist mill and make surveys.] Their recommendations and advice were generally followed.

    Bowman Attacks Chillicothe.

During 1779 the Indian war dragged on much as usual.  The only expedition of importance was that undertaken in May by one hundred and sixty Kentuckians, commanded by the county lieutenant, John Bowman, against the Indian town of Chillicothe. [Footnote:  MS.  “Notes on Kentucky,” by George Bradford, who went there in 1779; in the Durrett collection.  Haldimand MSS., Letter of Henry Bird, June 9, 1779.  As this letter is very important, and gives for the first time the Indian side, I print it in the Appendix almost in full.  The accounts of course conflict