7.  Hawkins, Pickens, etc., make them “at least” 27,000 in 1789, the Indian report for 1837 make them 26,844.  During the half century they had suffered from devastating wars and forced removals, and had probably slightly decreased in number.  In Adair’s time their population was increasing.

8.  “Am.  Archives,” 5th Series, I., 95.  Letter of Charles Lee.

9.  Adair, 227.  Bartram, 390.

10.  Bartram, 365.

11.  Adair, Bartram.

12.  Bartram.

13.  “A Sketch of the Creek Country,” Benjamin Hawkins.  In Coll.  Ga.  Hist.  Soc.  Written in 1798, but not published till fifty years afterwards.

14. Do, p. 33.

15.  The use of the word “beloved” by the Creeks was quite peculiar.  It is evidently correctly translated, for Milfort likewise gives it as “bien aime.”  It was the title used for any thing held in especial regard, whether for economic or supernatural reasons; and sometimes it was used as western tribes use the word “medicine” at the present day.  The old chiefs and conjurers were called the “beloved old men”; what in the west we would now call the “medicine squaws,” were named “the beloved old women.”  It was often conferred upon the chief dignitaries of the whites in writing to them.

16.  Hawkins, 37.

17.  Bartram, 386.  The Uchee town contained at least 1,500 people.

18. Do.

19.  Hawkins, 30.

20.  Hawkins 39; Adair, 408.

21.  Bartram, 184.

22.  Milfort, 212.

23.  Hawkins, 67.  Milfort, 203.  Bartram, 386.  Adair, 418.

24.  Hawkins and Adair, passim.

25. Do.  Also vide Bartram.

26.  Hawkins, 29, 70.  Adair, 428.

27.  “History of Alabama,” by Albert James Pickett, Charleston, 1851, II., 30.  A valuable work.

28.  Milfort, 23, 326.  Milfort’s book is very interesting, but as the man himself was evidently a hopeless liar and braggart, it can only be trusted where it was not for his interest to tell a falsehood.  His book was written after McGillivray’s death, the object being to claim for himself the glory belonging to the half-breed chief.  He insisted that he was the war-chief, the arm, and McGillivray merely the head, and boasts of his numerous successful war enterprises.  But the fact is, that during this whole time the Creeks performed no important stroke in war; the successful resistance to American encroachments was due to the diplomacy of the son of Sehoy.  Moreover, Milfort’s accounts of his own war deeds are mainly sheer romancing.  He appears simply to have been one of a score of war chiefs, and there were certainly a dozen other Creek chiefs, both half-breeds and natives, who were far more formidable to the frontier than he was; all their names were dreaded by the settlers, but his was hardly known.

29.  Adair, 279.

CHAPTER IV.